Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
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Beyond Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring Psychiatric Comorbidities and Their Neuropsychological Consequences in Adults

  • Hyun Jae Roh (Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine) ;
  • Geon Ho Bahn (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine) ;
  • Seung Yup Lee (Leemind Psychiatric Clinic) ;
  • Yoo-Sook Joung (Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Bongseog Kim (Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine) ;
  • Eui-Jung Kim (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Soyoung Irene Lee (Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Minha Hong (Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Doug Hyun Han (Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Young Sik Lee (Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hanik K Yoo (Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Seoul Brain Research Institute) ;
  • Soo-Young Bhang (Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2023.07.24
  • Accepted : 2023.09.05
  • Published : 2023.10.01
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Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the psychiatric comorbidity status of adult patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and determine the impact of comorbidities on neuropsychological outcomes in ADHD. Methods: The study participants were 124 adult patients with ADHD. Clinical psychiatric assessments were performed by two board-certified psychiatrists in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. All participants were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus version 5.0.0 to evaluate comorbidities. After screening, neuropsychological outcomes were assessed using the Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) and the Korean version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (K-WAIS-IV). Results: Mood disorders (38.7%) were the most common comorbidity of ADHD, followed by anxiety (18.5%) and substance use disorders (13.7%). The ADHD with comorbidities group showed worse results on the Perceptual Organization Index and Working Memory Index sections of the K-WAIS than the ADHD-alone group (p=0.015 and p=0.024, respectively). In addition, the presence of comorbidities was associated with worse performance on simple visual commission errors in the CAT tests (p=0.024). Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychiatric comorbidities are associated with poor neuropsychological outcomes in adult patients with ADHD, highlighting the need to identify comorbidities in these patients.

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References

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