Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Protection provided by a commercial modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 vaccine (PRRSV1-MLV) against a Japanese PRRSV2 field strain

  • Joel Miranda (Laboratorios Hipra S.A.) ;
  • Salvador Romero (Laboratorios Hipra S.A.) ;
  • Lidia de Lucas (Laboratorios Hipra S.A.) ;
  • Fumitoshi Saito (Hipra Japan LLC.) ;
  • Mar Fenech (R&D, Hipra Scientific, S.L.U.) ;
  • Ivan Diaz (Unitat Mixta d'Investigacio Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB))
  • Received : 2023.02.04
  • Accepted : 2023.05.26
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines do not provide full cross-protection, mainly due to the virus genetic variability. Despite this, vaccines based on modified-live PRRSV (PRRSV-MLV) reduce the disease impact. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of two commercial vaccines-one based on PRRSV1 (PRRSV1-MLV) and another on PRRSV2 (PRRSV2-MLV)-against a Japanese PRRSV2 field strain. Methods: Two groups of three-week-old piglets were vaccinated (G1: PRRSV1-MLV; G2: PRRSV2-MLV) and two were kept as non-vaccinated (INF and CTRL). One month later, G1, G2, and INF were challenged with a PRRSV2 field strain. Results: After the challenge, clinical signs were only observed in INF. Moreover, the highest rectal temperatures and values for the area under the curve (AUC) were observed in INF. Regarding viral detection, both AUC and the proportion of positive samples in blood were higher in INF. In G1, viremic animals never reached 100%. At necropsy (21 d after the challenge), differences for titers among groups were only found in tonsils (G1 < G2 and INF). One animal (belonging to G1) was negative in all tissues. Regarding humoral responses, G1 and G2 seroconverted after vaccination, as detected in the corresponding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) against PRRSV1-MLV were already detected at 14 d after vaccination in G1, showing a significant booster after the challenge, while PRRSV2-MLV NA were detected in G2 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Despite genetic differences, PRRSV1-MLV has been demonstrated to confer partial protection against a Japanese PRRSV2 strain, at least as good as PRRSV2-MLV.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the epidemiologist Dr. Casal for his suggestions on statistical analysis.

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