한국안전학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Safety)

  • 제38권4호
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  • Pages.39-46
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  • 2023
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  • 1738-3803(pISSN)
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  • 2383-9953(eISSN)
한국안전학회 (The Korean Society of Safety)
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건조기 소나무 수관부 부위별 연소특성에 관한 연구

A Study on the Combustion Characteristics of the Crown of Pine Trees in the Drying Season

  • 권혁 (원광대학교 소방행정학과) ;
  • 이종호 (원광대학교 소방행정학과)
  • Hyuk Kwon (Department of Fire Administration, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Jong Ho Lee (Department of Fire Administration, Wonkwang University)
  • 투고 : 2023.06.01
  • 심사 : 2023.08.17
  • 발행 : 2023.08.31
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초록

Pine trees, which account for 23% of the forested area of the Republic of Korea, are highly vulnerable to fire in comparison to broad-leaved trees due to the presence of consistent water tube sections throughout the year and resin that is composed of approximately 20% oil. In addition, the pattern of forest fires is determined by weather, topographic conditions, and fluctuation in moisture content. Therefore, when fire breaks out in pine tree forests during the dry season (January to March), it is difficult to extinguish, and it quickly spreads. In this study, the combustion characteristics of pine needles, pine cones, and pine branches in the water tube sections of living pine trees were compared and analyzed in accordance with the moisture content as per the ISO 5660-1. The monthly moisture content was analyzed from January to March, and it was found to be the lowest in March, with 53.6% for pine needles, 51.9% for pine branches, and 10.9% for pine cones. In particular, pine cones were more vulnerable to fire as compared to pine needles and pine branches because their moisture content was more than five times lower than that of pine needles and branches. The ignition time, which affects the speed of flame propagation, was the most rapid in March, and the fastest ignition time was for pine cones, at 19 seconds, followed by 34 seconds for pine needles, and 256 seconds for pine branches. The pine branches were the last to be ignited due to the effect of density, according to the thickness and specific gravity of the specimen. The peak heat release rate, which is a measurable index of fire intensity, was analyzed for pine cones and found to be 184.28 kW/m2 , while the mean effective heat of combustion was 19.79 MJ/kg, and the total heat release rate was 39.7 MJ/m2 , and these values were higher than those of pine branches and pine needles. Thus, we determined that the flame propagation speed and fire intensity according to the moisture content can be used to evaluate the risk of fire to the water tube section of pine trees. It is suggested that because of the combustion characteristics of the pine cone in March, that is when the forest is most vulnerable to fires.

키워드

과제정보

This paper was supported by Wonkwang University in 2022.

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