Imaging Science in Dentistry

Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (대한영상치의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical assessment of various imaging systems for dental plaque scoring after the use of 3 different toothpastes

  • Simge Meseli (Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University) ;
  • Sergen Ekenel (Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University) ;
  • Bora Korkut (Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University) ;
  • Burak Aksu (Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University) ;
  • Dilek Tagtekin (Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University) ;
  • Funda Yanikoglu (Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent University)
  • Received : 2022.11.27
  • Accepted : 2023.04.24
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare dental plaque scores obtained through clinical examinations and various imaging techniques, as well as to assess the effectiveness of herbal and conventional toothpastes for plaque removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers were divided into 3 groups. Each group was given a different toothpaste (from 2 herbal toothpastes and a conventional toothpaste) with which to brush their teeth for 21 days. Both initially and after brushing, dental plaque samples were collected, and plaque on the buccal surfaces of anterior teeth was scored using several imaging systems after staining with a disclosing agent. Specifically, digital dental photography, intraoral digital scanning, and FluoreCam imaging were employed to capture intraoral images. The Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index was used for clinical examination and image analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses and correlational assessments between clinical examination and imaging scores were conducted before and after toothpaste use. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson correlations were utilized. Results: The lowest mean value was observed in the clinical examination without staining, while the highest was obtained using the FluoreCam method. No significant change was found in the level of any microorganism assessed following toothpaste use (P<0.05), with the exception of a decrease in S. mutans levels after using conventional toothpaste (P<0.05). Conclusion: Herbal toothpaste demonstrated plaque-removal effectiveness comparable to that of conventional toothpaste. The use of imaging methods for measuring plaque index has been suggested as a means to educate patients about plaque control and promote ongoing oral care.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Commission with the project number TDH-2021-10163.

References

  1. Larsen T, Fiehn NE. Dental biofilm infections - an update. APMIS 2017; 125: 376-84.  https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12688
  2. Brown LJ, Loe H. Prevalence, extent, severity and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1993; 2: 57-71.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1993.tb00220.x
  3. Lippert F. An introduction to toothpaste - its purpose, history and ingredients. Monogr Oral Sci 2013; 23: 1-14.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000350456
  4. Kanth MR, Prakash AR, Sreenath G, Reddy VS, Huldah S. Efficacy of specific plant products on microorganisms causing dental caries. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10: ZM01-3.  https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/19772.9025
  5. Turesky S, Gilmore ND, Glickman I. Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of victamine C. J Periodontol 1970; 41: 41-3.  https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1970.41.41.41
  6. Brostek AM, Walsh LJ. Minimal intervention dentistry in general practice. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014; 13: 285-94. 
  7. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Newman and Carranza's clinical periodontology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019. 
  8. Lee JB, Choi DH, Mah YJ, Pang EK. Validity assessment of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) for the dental plaque scoring system: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18: 187. 
  9. Kiristioglu Z, Yanikoglu F, Alkan E, Tagtekin D. The effect of dental paste with herbal content on remineralization and the imaging with fluorescent technique in teeth with white spot lesion. Clin Exp Health Sci 2021; 11: 348-53.  https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.848455
  10. Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ, Reynolds EC. Prevention of demineralization around orthodontic brackets in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 131: 705. e1-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.09.043
  11. Logozzo S, Franceschini G, Kilpela A, Caponi M, Governi L, Blois L. A comparative analysis of intraoral 3D digital scanners for restorative dentistry. Internet J Med Technol [Internet] 2011 [cited Nov 20]; 5 (1): Available from: https://ispub.com/IJMT/5/1/10082.  10082
  12. Imburgia M, Logozzo S, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Mangano C, Mangano FG. Accuracy of four intraoral scanners in oral implantology: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17: 92. 
  13. Hurt AJ. Digital technology in the orthodontic laboratory. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141: 245-7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.06.045
  14. Commer P, Bourauel C, Maier K, Jager A. Construction and testing of a computer-based intraoral laser scanner for determining tooth positions. Med Eng Phys 2000; 22: 625-35.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4533(00)00076-X
  15. Doi K, Yoshiga C, Kobatake R, Kawagoe M, Wakamatsu K, Tsuga K. Use of an intraoral scanner to evaluate oral health. J Oral Sci 2021; 63: 292-4.  https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.21-0048
  16. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 5721-32.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005
  17. Pereira CA, Romeiro RL, Costa AC, Machado AK, Junqueira JC, Jorge AO. Susceptibility of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans biofilms to photodynamic inactivation: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 26: 341-8.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0852-3
  18. Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Liu R, Liu H, Chen F. Analysis of the microbiota of black stain in the primary dentition. PloS One 2015; 10: e0137030. 
  19. Celik ZC, Cakiris A, Yanikoglu F, Abaci N, Ekmekci SS, Ilgin C, et al. Metagenomic analysis of black-stained plaques in permanent dentition. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128: 105171. 
  20. Sjogren K. Toothpaste technique. Studies on fluoride delivery and caries prevention. Swed Dent J Suppl 1995; 110: 1-44. 
  21. Lochman J, Zapletalova M, Poskerova H, Izakovicova Holla L, Borilova Linhartova P. Rapid multiplex real-time pcr method for the detection and quantification of selected cariogenic and periodontal bacteria. Diagnostics(Basel) 2019; 10: 8. 
  22. Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P. Oral mucosal desquamation caused by two toothpaste detergents in an experimental model. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104: 21-6.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00041.x
  23. Ramfjord S, Emslie R, Greene JC, Held A, Waerhaug J. Epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1968; 58: 1713-22.  https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.58.9.1713
  24. Quigley GA, Hein JW. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc 1962; 65: 26-9.  https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1962.0184
  25. Nandlal B, Sreenivasan PK, Shashikumar P, Devishree G, Bettahalli Shivamallu A. A randomized clinical study to examine the oral hygiene efficacy of a novel herbal toothpaste with zinc over a 6-month period. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19: 440-9.  https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12505
  26. Lee ES, de Josselin de Jong E, Kim BI. Detection of dental plaque and its potential pathogenicity using quantitative light-induced fluorescence. J Biophotonics 2019; 12: e201800414.