DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Exploring the Impact of the Sensoryscape (Sport Fans' Stadium Experiences via the Five Senses) on Emotions Associated with Sport Teams

  • Seunghwan LEE (Department of Sport Industry & Leisure, Kookmin University)
  • Received : 2023.08.16
  • Accepted : 2023.09.14
  • Published : 2023.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the sensoryscape (sport fans' stadium experiences via the five senses) on connectedness and elation that sport fans have about their teams. Research design, data, and methodology: To achieve this purpose, structural equation modeling was conducted with a total of 417 KBO baseball fans. Results: The results of the research are as follows. First, stadium experiences via sport fans' sight, sound, and touch had positive effects on connectedness that consists of passion, nostalgia, supportive, and connected. Second, stadium experiences via sport fans' sight, sound, and taste had positive effects on elation that consists of happy, excited, pleased, proud, optimistic, and entertained. Conclusions: This research provides the first empirical evidence of the effects of sport fans' sensory experiences on emotions associated with sport teams. In order to maximize connectedness and elation that sport fans have about their teams, sport marketers need to develop specific sensory strategies that affect stadium experiences. Further implications were discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, K. H., & Bu, K. H. (2019). Emotion & consumer behavior. Paju-si: Hakhyunsa.
  2. Bagozzi, R. B., & Dholakia, U. M. (2002). International social action in virtual communities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2), 2-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10006
  3. Ballouli, K., & Heere, B. (2015). Sonic branding in sport: A model for communicating brand identity through musical fit. Sport Management Review, 18(3), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.03.001
  4. Batey, M. (2008). Brand meaning. New York: Routledge.
  5. Baumann, C., Hamin, H., & Chong, A. (2015). The role of brand exposure and experience on brand recall-Product durables vis-a-vis FMCG. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 23, 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.11.003
  6. Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: What is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.52
  7. Cassavell, A. J. (2021). The history of Petco's Western Metal building. MLB News. Retrieved July 30, 2023 from mlb.com
  8. Chen, H. T., & Lin, Y. T. (2018). A study of the relationships among sensory experience, emotion, and buying behavior in coffeehouse chains. Service Business, 12(3), 551-573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-017-0354-5
  9. Chen, L. S. (2012). What drives cyber shop brand equity? An empirical evaluation of online shopping system benefit with brand experience. International Journal of Business and Information, 7, 81-105.
  10. Choi, B. Y. (2022). 3 years of mask life…Smell is happiness. Chosun Media. Retrieved July 28, 2023 from chosun.com
  11. Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' error. New York: Avon Books.
  12. Damasio, A. R. (1999). The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. San Diego, CA: Harvest Books.
  13. Davies, B. J., Kooijmanb, D., & Warda, P. (2003). The sweet smell of success: Olfaction in retailing. Journal of Marketing Management, 19, 611-627.
  14. Dooley, R. (2012). Brainfluence: 100 ways to persuade and convince consumers with neuromarketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  15. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-328.
  16. Gabisch, J. A. (2011). Virtual world brand experience and its impact on real world purchasing behavior. Journal of Brand Management, 19, 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2011.29
  17. Gang, S. S., & Lee, S. (2022). The effects of sport team attribute-based stadium experiences on sport fans' healing experiences and word-of-mouth. Korean Journal of Sport Management, 27(1), 86-105. https://doi.org/10.31308/KSSM.27.1.86
  18. Gladden, J. M., & Funk, D. C. (2002). Developing an understanding of brand associations in team sport: Empirical evidence from consumers of professional sport. Journal of Sport Management, 16(1), 54-81. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.16.1.54
  19. Gobe, M. (2001). Emotional branding: The new paradigm for connecting brands to people. New York: Allworth Press.
  20. Gobe, M. (2007). Brandjam: Humanizing brands through emotional design. New York: Allworth Press.
  21. Gordon, W. (2002). The darkroom of the mind-What does neuropsychology now tell us about brands? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(3), 280-292. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.73
  22. Hausel, H. G. (2016). Brain view. Munchen, Germany: Haufe-Lexware.
  23. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  24. Hulten, B. (2011). Sensory marketing: The multi-sensory brand-experience concept. European Business Review, 23(3), 256-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341111130245
  25. Hulten, B., Broweus, N., & van Dijk, M. (2009). Sensory marketing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  26. Jang, M. S. (2020). The cheering squad leader picked it himself, Best 10 cheering songs for KBO players. Chosun Media. Retrieved July 27, 2023 from chosun.com
  27. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux.
  28. Kerr, J. H., Wilson, G. V., Nakamura, I., & Sudo, Y. (2005). Emotional dynamics of soccer fans at winning and losing games. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1855-1866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.10.002
  29. Kim, J. H. (2016). The eyes and mouth are pleasant...Best food at 10 KBO baseball stadiums. Maeil Business Newspaper. Retrieved July 22, 2023 from http://www.mk.co.kr
  30. KPSA (2017). 2016 survey report for characteristics of pro sport spectators. Korea Professional Sports Association.
  31. Kumar, R. S., Dash, S., & Purwar, P. C. (2013). The nature and antecedents of brand equity and its dimensions. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31, 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501311312044
  32. Ladhari, R., Cheikhrouhou, S., Morales, M., & Zaaboub, E. (2022). Antecedents and consequences of emotional attachment to sport teams brands. Journal of Brand Management, 29(5), 454-469. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-022-00285-7
  33. LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  34. Lee, S., Heere, B., & Chung, K. S. (2013). Which senses matter more? The impact of our senses on team identity and team loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 22(4), 203-213.
  35. Lee, S., & Jun, S. (2019). Identifying links between cognitive and emotional brand associations in professional baseball teams and testing its impact on fanship. Korean Journal of Sport Management, 24(1), 46-63. https://doi.org/10.31308/KSSM.24.1.4
  36. Lee, S., Kim, Y., & Heere, B. (2018). Sport team emotion: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Sport Management Review, 21, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.08.007
  37. Lee, S., Lee, H. J., Seo, W. J., & Green, B. C. (2012). A new approach to stadium experience: The dynamics of the sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home. Journal of Sport Management, 26, 490-505. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.26.6.490
  38. Lindstrom, M. (2005a). Brand sense: How to build powerful brands through touch, taste, smell, sight and sound. New York: The Free Press.
  39. Lindstrom, M. (2005b). Broad sensory branding. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14, 84-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420510592554
  40. Luxton, S., Reid, M., & Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance. Journal of Advertising, 44(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2014.934938
  41. Mehmetoglu, M., & Engen, M. (2011). Pine and Gilmore's concept of experience economy and its dimensions: An empirical examination in tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 12(4), 237-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2011.541847
  42. Morgan-Thomas, A., & Veloutsou, C. (2013). Beyond technology acceptance: Brand relationships and online brand experience. Journal of Business Research, 66, 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.019
  43. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  44. Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theater & every business a stage. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  45. Power, R. P. (1980). The dominance of touch by vision: Sometimes incomplete. Perception, 9, 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1068/p090457
  46. Pradeep, A. K. (2010). The buying brain: Secrets for selling to the subconscious mind. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  47. Rodriguez, M., & Kross, E. (2023). Sensory emotion regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(4), 379-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.008
  48. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L., & Pervan, S. (2015). Strategic brand management (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  49. Roswinanto, W., & Strutton, D. (2014). Investigating the advertising antecedents to and consequences of brand experience. Journal of Promotion Management, 20, 607-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2014.946206
  50. Schmitt, B. H. (1999). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, relate to your company and brands. New York: The Free Press.
  51. Shahid, S., Paul, J., Gilal, F. G., & Ansari, S. (2022). The role of sensory marketing and brand experience in building emotional attachment and brand loyalty in luxury retail stores. Psychology & Marketing, 39(7), 1398-1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21661
  52. Shamim, A., & Butt, M. M. (2013). A critical model of brand experience consequences. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25, 102-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851311290957
  53. Thomke, S. (2019). The magic that makes customer experiences stick. MIT Sloan Management Review, 61(1), 56-63.
  54. Van Campen, C. (2014). The Proust effect: The senses as doorways to lost memories. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  55. Wann, D. L., Dolan, T. J., McGeorge, K. K., & Allison, J. A. (1994). Relationships between spectator identification and spectators' perceptions of influence, spectators' emotions, and competition outcome. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16, 347-364. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.16.4.347
  56. Zaltman, G. (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  57. Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2010). Using the brand experience scale to profile consumers and predict consumer behaviour. Journal of Brand Management, 17, 532-540. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2010.4
  58. Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2013). The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 32, 255-280. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-32-2-255-280