The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants

  • Hwi-Won Jeong (Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Tae Ho Ryu (Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Hyo-Jeong Lee (Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kook-Hyung Kim (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Rae-Dong Jeong (Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2023.08.15
  • Accepted : 2023.09.06
  • Published : 2023.10.01
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Abstract

Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animals are known to activate DNA damage responses (DDRs) and DNA damage sensor immune signals in response to stress, and the process is well studied in animal systems. However, the links between stress perception and immune response through DDRs remain largely unknown in plants. To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. We observed that DDR-mediated resistance was specifically activated against viral pathogens, including turnip crinkle virus (TCV). DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense-and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. In conclusion, DDRs activated basal immune responses to viral pathogens.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We thank Prof. Jin-Sung Hong (Kangwon National University) for TMV- and CMV-infected leaf samples, Dr. Choong-Min Ryu (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) for BTH, and Prof. Pradeep Kachroo (University of Kentucky) for SA-related arabidopsis mutant seeds. This research was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2017R1C1001873).

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