Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Changes in Bioactive Compounds Throughout Ripening Stages of Green Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Exhibiting Varied Fruit Skin Colors

과피색이 다양한 풋고추 과실의 성숙단계에 따른 생리활성물질 변화

  • Hyo Gil Choi (Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jae Yeon Jeong (Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jae Myun Lee (Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University) ;
  • Nam Jun Kang (Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 최효길 (국립공주대학교 원예학과 ) ;
  • 정재연 (국립공주대학교 원예학과 ) ;
  • 이재면 (국립공주대학교 원예학과 ) ;
  • 강남준 (경상국립대학교 원예과학부 )
  • Received : 2023.08.16
  • Accepted : 2023.10.10
  • Published : 2023.10.31
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the changes in bioactive compounds across the ripening stages of three pepper cultivars, each characterized by unique skin colors. The samples used in this study consisted of three pepper cultivars distinguished by their skin colors as green, purple, and yellow green at breaker ripening stage. Samples were harvested at each of the four ripening stages, including premature, breaker, turning, and mature, and subjected to analysis for various bioactive compounds, including capsaicin, ascorbic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and sugars. In all cultivars with varying skin colors, the capsaicin content within green pepper fruits consistently increased as the ripening stages advanced. Ascorbic acid was most abundant during the premature stage of development in purple and green cultivars, subsequently declining as maturation progressed. In the case of the purple cultivar, kaempferol content decreased by approximately 30% at the mature stage, while the green cultivar exhibited a gradual increase in kaempferol content with maturation. Conversely, the kaempferol content of the yellow green cultivar rapidly declined as maturation progressed. Regarding quercetin content, the purple and green cultivars tended to decrease with maturity, while the yellow green cultivar displayed an increasing trend. Furthermore, the accumulation patterns of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, the predominant free sugars in green pepper fruit, demonstrated an inclination to increase as the maturation stage advanced in both purple and green cultivars. In contrast, the yellow green cultivar initially showed an elevation in free sugar content during the immature stage, followed by a minor reduction during maturation and a subsequent rise during the mature stage. Each pepper cultivar, distinguished by its unique skin color, exhibits varying levels of bioactive substances at different ripening stages. Therefore, optimal harvesting and utilization should align with periods when the desired substance content is at its peak.

본 연구는 각기 고유한 과피색을 갖는 3가지 고추 품종의 성숙 단계에 따른 생리활성 화합물의 변화를 조사하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구에 사용된 시료는 변색기에 과피색이 보라색, 녹색, 연두색인 3가지 고추 품종이며, 미숙기, 변색기, 최색기, 완숙기로 구분된 성숙 4단계별로 각각의 고추를 수확하여 캡사이신, 아스코르브산, 캠페롤, 퀘르세틴 및 당성분 등의 생리활성 화합물을 분석하였다. 고추 과실의 캡사이신 함량은 다양한 과피색을 가진 모든 품종에서 성숙 단계가 진행됨에 따라 일관되게 증가하였다. 아스코르브산의 함량은 보라색 및 연두색 품종의 발달 초기에 가장 풍부하였고, 성숙이 진행될수록감소하였다. 캠페롤 함량은 보라색 품종의 경우 변색기에 비하여 완숙기에 약30% 감소한 반면에, 녹색 품종에서는 미숙기에서 완숙기까지 점차 증가하였다. 하지만, 연두색 품종의 캠페롤 함량은 성숙이 진행되면서 급격히 감소하였다. 퀘르세틴 함량의 경우 보라색과 녹색 품종에서는 성숙할수록 감소하였지만 연두색 품종은 증가하였다. 풋고추 과실의 주요 유리당인 포도당, 과당, 자당의 축적 양상은 보라색과 녹색 품종에서는 성숙이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에 연두색 품종에서는 미숙기에서 이미 유리당 함량이 높은 상태였다. 그러나 성숙하는 동안 약간 감소하였다가 성숙기에 다시 증가하였다. 이처럼 고추는 과피색에 따라 성숙 단계별로 축적되어지는 생리활성 화합물의 함량 차이가 크다. 따라서 생리활성 물질을 효율적으로 이용하기 위해서는 목적으로 하는 생리활성 물질 함량이 최고조에 달하는 성숙 단계에서 수확하여 이용해야한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농림식품기술기획평가원 및 스마트팜연구개발사업단의 연구 지원(421001-03)을 받았습니다.

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