과제정보
The author is grateful to Dr. Nikolaos (Nick) Malakatas, Chairman of CEN TC250/SC1; through his sharp observations, he has always helped focusing problems in the appropriate way. The author also acknowledges the fruitful discussion with SC1.T3 members during the drafting of prEN 1991-1-4:2021, namely Dr. Svend Ole Hansen, Prof. Rudiger Hoffer, Dr. John Rees and Dr. Pierre Spehl. Finally, the author is indebted with the members of the Structural and Wind Engineering Group in the Department of Engineering of the University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", namely Associate Professor Alberto Maria Avossa and Ph.D. candidates Andac Akbaba, Antonio Malasomma and Vincenzo Picozzi for their precious assistance during the drafting of prEN 1991-1-4:2021.
참고문헌
- AIJ (1993), Recommendations for Loads on Buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), Chapter 6.
- AIJ (2015), Recommendations for Loads on Buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), Chapter 6.
- Akbaba, A., Picozzi, V., Avossa, A.M. and Ricciardelli, F. (2023), "Effects of downsampling on the prediction of the Italian extreme winds", Proceedings of the XVI Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, IN-VENTO 2022, Milano, Italy. In press.
- Asami, Y. (2000), "Combination method for wind loads on highrise buildings", Proceedings of the 16th National Symposium on Wind Engineering, 531-534 (in Japanese).
- Athanasopoulou, A., Spehl, P., Sousa, M.L., Formichi, P., Dabizheva, I., Gacesa-Moric, V., Markova, J., Calgaro, J.A., Malakatas, N., Lurvink, M., Croce, P., Apostolska, R., Sumarac, D. and Dimova S. (2019), "The implementation of the Eurocodes in the National Regulatory Framework", Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
- Blomeke, P., Lohaus, L., Busch, D., Meiswinkel, R., Depe, T., Meyer, J., Eggers, H., Mosebach, H., Gjorsoski, G., Niemann, H.-J., Gnegel, J., Herne R., Nunier, F.-J., Harte, R., Titze, B., Haupt, R., Torkar, J., Huttl, R., Weigl, J., Jung, E., Winking, R. and Wormann, R. (2010), "Structural Design of Cooling Towers", VGB Guideline on the Structural Design, Calculation, Engineering and Construction of Cooling Towers, VGB-R 610e, VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen, Germany, (www.vgb.org).
- Bruno, L., Coste, N., Mannini, C., Mariotti, A., Patruno, L., Schito, P. and Vairo, G. (2023), "Codes and standards for computational wind engineering: State of art and recent trends in Europe", Wind Struct., 37(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2023.37.2.133.
- BS (1997), Loading for Buildings - Code of Practice for Wind Loads, BS 6399-2:1997, British Standards Institution (BSI), London, UK.
- CEN TC250/SC1 (2021), "Probabilistic Basis for Determination of Partial Safety Factors and Load Combination Factors", CEN/TC250/SC1 document N1859.
- Choi, E.C.C. (2009), "Proposal for unified terrain categories exposures and velocity profiles", Proceedings of the Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan.
- CNR-DT 207/2008 (2008), Guide for the Assessment of Wind Actions and Effects on Structures, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.
- CNR-DT 207 R1/2018 (2018), Guide for the Assessment of Wind Actions and Effects on Structures, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.
- Cook N.J. (1990), The Designer's Guide to Wind Loading of Building Structures - Part 2: Static Structures, Building Research Establishment Report, Butterworths, London, UK.
- Cook, N.J. and Mayne, R.J. (1979), "A novel working approach to the assessment of wind loads for equivalent static design", J. Ind. Aerod., 4, 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(79)90043-6.
- Cook, N.J. and Mayne, R.J. (1980), "A refined working approach to the assessment of wind loads for equivalent static design", J. Ind. Aerod., 6, 125-137, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(80)90026-4.
- Davenport, A.G. (1967), "The dependence of wind loads upon meteorological parameters". Proceedings of International Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, 19-82, Ottawa, Canada.
- Davenport, A.G. (1971), "Response of 6 building shapes to turbulent wind", Philoso. Transact. Royal Soc., London, Series A, 269, 385-394.
- Deaves, D.M. and Harris, R.I. (1978), "A mathematical model of the structure of strong winds", CIRIA Report 76, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, UK.
- Demartino, C., Avossa, A.M., Ricciardelli, F. and Calidonna, C.R. (2017), "Wind profiles identification using wind LIDARS: an application to the area of Lamezia Terme", Proceedings of the 7th European and African Conference on Wind Engineering, Liege, Belgium.
- Dyrbye, C. And Hansen S.H. (1997) Wind Loads on Structures. Wiley.
- ECMWF (2023), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Reading, UK.
- EN 1990 (2002), Eurocode 0 - Basis of Structural, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 1991-1-4 (2005), Eurocode 1 - Actions on Structures - Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- EN 1993-3-1 (2006), Eurocode 3 - Design of Steel Structures - Part 3-1: Towers, Masts and Chimneys - Towers and Masts, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- ENV 1991-2-4 (1995), Eurocode 1 - Basis of Design and Actions on Structures - Part 2-4: Actions on Structures - Wind Actions, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- ESDU 85020 (1985). "Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence Near the Ground Part II: Single Point Data for Strong Winds (Neutral Atmosphere)", Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) Item 85020, London, UK.
- Georgakis, C.T., Stottrup-Andersen, U., Johnsen, M., Nielsen, M.G. and Koss, H.H. (2009), "Drag coefficients of lattice masts from full-scale wind-tunnel tests", Proceedings of the Fifth European and African Conference on Wind Engineering, Florence, Italy.
- Geurts, C. (2000), "External pressure coefficients and peak factor in ENV1991-2-4: Wind loads", TNO-report 2000-CON-DYN. Delft, The Netherlands.
- Geurts, C., Blackmore P., Hansen, S.H., Hortmanns, M., Sedlacek, G., Spehl, P. and van Staalduinen, P., (2001), "Transparency of pressure and force coefficients", Proceedings of the Third European and African Conference on Wind Engineering, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Hansen, S.H., Hoffer, R., Rees, J., Ricciardelli, F. and Spehl, P. (2019). "Towards the second generation Eurocodes: evolution of EN 1991-1-4 Wind actions", Proceedings of the XV Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, INVENTO 2018, Napoli, Italy. https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis.
- IASS (1981), IASS Recommendations for Guyed Masts, International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, Madrid, Spain.
- Ingenieurgesellschaft Niemann & Partner GbR (2006). Ermittlung aerodynamischer Beiwerte fur die normgemasse Erfassung der Winddrucke und Windkrafte an Vordachern. Berichtnr. W04- 371-2, DIBt-Projekt ZP 52-5-3.94-1141/05, DIBt Deutsches Institut fur Bautechnik, Kolonnenstr. 30 L, 10829 Berlin, Germany. (in German).
- ISO 4354 (2009), Wind Actions on Structures, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
- Johnsen, M. (2009), "Aerodynamic coefficients of lattice telecommunication masts - Full size wind tunnel testing", M. Sc. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
- Malasomma, A., Picozzi, V., Avossa, A.M. and Ricciardelli, F. (2023). "Global pressure coefficients for buildings roofs revisited", Proceedings of the XVII Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, IN-VENTO 2022, Milan, Italy. In press.
- National Institute for Standards of Technology (NIST), https://www.nist.gov/el/materials-and-structural-systems-division-73100/nist-aerodynamic-database.
- NBCC (1980), National Building Code of Canada, National Research Council of Canada (NRC/CNR), Ottawa, Canada, https://doi.org/10.4224/40001489.
- NBN EN 1991-1-4 ANB:2010(F) (2010), Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4: Actions generales - Actions du vent, Annexe National, Bureau de Normalisation (NBN), Brussels, Belgium.
- Picozzi V., Akbaba A., Avossa A.M. and Ricciardelli F. (2022b). "Correction of historical records to improve the reliability of design wind speeds", Eng. Struct., 265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114473.
- Picozzi, V. (2023). "Uncertainties in wind action: modelling and code calibration", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Aversa, Italy.
- Picozzi, V., Malasomma, A., Avossa, A.M. and Ricciardelli, F. (2022a). "Relationship between wind pressure and pressure coefficients for the definition of wind loads on buildings". Buildings, 12(225), https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020225.
- Picozzi, V., Ricciardelli, F. and Sorensen, J.D. (2023), "Calibration of wind action combination factors from experimental data". Proceedings of the XVII Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, IN-VENTO 2022, Milan, Italy. In press.
- prEN 1990 (2019), Eurocode 0 - Basis of Structural and Geotechnical Design, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- prEN 1991-1-4 (2021a), Eurocode 1 - Actions on Structures - Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- prEN 1991-1-9 (2021b), Eurocode 1 - Actions on Structures - Part 1-9: General Actions - Atmospheric Icing, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
- Ricciardelli, F., Manara, G. and Lori, G. (2023), "Wind load assessment of unitized double skin facades", Proceedings of the XVII Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, IN-VENTO 2022, Milan, Italy. In press.
- Ricciardelli, F., Pirozzi, S., Mandara, A. and Avossa, A.M. (2019). "Accuracy of mean wind climate predicted from historical data through wind LIDAR measurements", Eng. Struct., 201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109771.
- Saunders, J.W. and Melbourne, W.H. (1975), "Tall rectangular building response to cross-wind excitation", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wind Effects Buildings and Structures, Cambridge, UK.
- Sepe, V., Avossa, A.M., Rizzo, F. and Ricciardelli, F. (2023), Can Wind Lidars be used to calibrate mean wind profiles Proceedings of the XVII Conference of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering, IN-VENTO 2022, Milan, Italy. In press.
- Solari, G. (1982). "Alongwind response estimation: closed form solution", J. Struct. Div., Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE, 108, 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005861
- Solari, G. (1988), "Equivalent wind spectrum technique: theory and applications", J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 114(6), 1103-1123. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:6(1303)
- Solari, G. (1993a), "Gust buffeting I: Peak wind velocity and equivalent pressure", J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 119 (2), 365-382. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:2(365)
- Solari, G. (1993b). "Gust buffeting II: dynamic alongwind response". Journal of the Structural Division ASCE, 119 (2), 383-398. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:2(383)
- Stathopoulos, T. (1979), "Turbulent wind action on low rise buildings", Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
- Tamura, Y., Kawai, H., Uematsu, Y., Marukawa, H., Fujii, K. and Taniike, Y. (1996), "Wind load and wind-induced response estimations in the Recommendations for Loads on Buildings, AIJ 1993", Eng. Struct., 18(6), 399-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00121-2
- Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU), http://wind.arch.tkougei.ac.jp/system/eng/contents/code/tpu.
- University of Western Ontario (UWO), https://www.nist.gov/el/materials-and-structural-systems-division-73100/nist-aerodynamic-database/university-western.
- Vickery, B.J. (1966), "Fluctuating lift and drag on a long cylinder of square cross-section in smooth and in turbulent flow", J. Fluid Mech, 23(3), 481-494. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211206600020X