Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development and Application of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Genus Index for Biological Assessment on Korean Stream Environment

한국의 하천환경 평가를 위한 저서동물 속범주지수(BMGI)의 개발 및 적용

  • Received : 2023.06.23
  • Accepted : 2023.07.21
  • Published : 2023.07.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The genus-level biotic index of benthic macroinvertebrates (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Genus Index, BMGI) was developed and applicated based on the data collected from 13,347 sampling units of 814 sites from 2010 to 2021 in Korea. Tolerant values of 274 indicator taxa were established by analyzing the relationship between the relative frequency and abundance of indicator taxa and the water quality index considering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (T-P). BMGI showed a slightly higher correlation with water quality than the species-level biotic index (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index, BMI) that was developed and applied in Korea. Although the BMGI does not contain species-level information, the reason why BMGI shows higher applicability than BMI seems to be due to the increase in the number of indicator taxa and the decrease in the misidentification of immature aquatic insects. The coefficient of determination in multiple regression with BOD5, TSS, and TP for BMGI was 0.62 in the long-term averaged data of 814 sites, and the standardized coefficient of BOD5 was -0.46, TSS was -0.17 and T-P was -0.21, respectively. As a result of the evaluation by BMGI, of the 814 sites, 38% were in good, 25% in fair, and 37% in poor condition.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2023학년도 경기대학교 대학원 연구원 장학생 장학금 지원에 의해 수행되었습니다. 한강수계관리위원회의 "기후변화가 수생태에 미치는 영향과 대응 전략('10~'12년)" 과 환경부의 "환경생태유량 산정기준 연구 및 시범산정"과 환경부·국립환경과학원의 "수생태계 참조하천 적합성 검증 및 활용방안 연구('15~'18년)"와 "수생태계 건강성 조사 및 평가('12~'13년)" 및 "하천 수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가('14~'21년)", 국립환경과학원의 "생물측정망 모니터링 및 평가기법 개발연구('17~'18년)"와 "4대강 보 개방에 따른 수생태계 변화조사('18~'20년)", 영산강 섬진강 수계관리위원회의 "영산강 섬진강수계 수생생물의 서식지적합도(HSI) 지수 구축 연구('20년)"과제에서 얻은 자료를 활용한 것으로 이에 감사드립니다.

References

  1. Bailey, R. C., Norris, R. H., and Reynoldson, T. B. (2001). Taxonomic resolution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in bioassessments, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 20(2), 280-286.  https://doi.org/10.2307/1468322
  2. Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B. D., and Stribling, J. B. (1999). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish, Second Edition, EPA 841-B-99-002, United States Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Water, Washington, D. C., xiv, 11 chapters, 4 appendices. 
  3. Bode, R. W., Novak, M. A., Abele, L. E., Heitzman, D. L., and Smith, A. J. (2002). Quality assurance work plan for biological stream monitoring in New York State, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY, 1-115. 
  4. Bode, R. W., Novak, M. A., and Abele, L. E. (1996). Quality assurance work plan for biological stream monitoring in New York State, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY, 1-89. 
  5. Bowman M. F. and Bailey, R. C. (1998). Does taxonomic resolution affect the multivariate description of the structure of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities?, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54, 1802-1807.  https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-085
  6. Chandler, J. R. (1970). A biological approach to water quality management, Water Pollution Control, 69(4), 415-422. 
  7. Clarke R. T. and Davy-Boeker, J. (2014). River invertebrate classification tool science development project: modifications for WHPT and other abundance-weighted indices, A report to the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, FBA Project Code S/0008/R, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 1-85. 
  8. DIN 38410. (1990). Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur WasserAbwasser-und Schlammuntersuchung: Biologisch-okologische Gewasseruntersuchung (Gruppe M): Bestimmung des Saprobienindex (M2). 
  9. Doeg, T. J. and Koehn, J. D. (1994). Effects of draining and desilting a small weir on downstream fish and macroinvertebrates, Rivers Research and Applications, 9(4), 263-277.  https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450090407
  10. Dufrene, M. and Legendre, P. (1997). Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach, Ecological Monographs, 67(3), 345-366.  https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0345:SAAIST]2.0.CO;2
  11. Hawkes H. A. (1997). Origin and development of the biological monitoring working party score system, Water Research, 32(3), 964-968.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00275-3
  12. Hawkins, C. P. and Norris, R. H. (2000). Effects of taxonomic resolution and use of subsets of the fauna on the performance of RIVPACS-type models, Wright, J. F. Sutcliffe, D. W., and Furse M. T. (editors), Assessing the biological quality of fresh waters: RIVPACS and other techniques, Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, UK, 217-228. 
  13. Herlihy, A. T., Paulsen, S. G., Sickle, J. V., Stoddard, J. L., Hawkins, C. P., and Yuan, L. L. (2008). Striving for consistency in a national assessment: The challenges of applying a reference-condition approach at a continental scale, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(4), 860-877.  https://doi.org/10.1899/08-081.1
  14. Hilsenhoff, W. L. (1988). Rapid field assessment of organic pollution with a family-level biotic index, Journal of the North American benthological society, 7(1), 65-68.  https://doi.org/10.2307/1467832
  15. Hynes, H. B. N. (1970). The ecology of stream insects, Annual Review of Entomology, 15(1), 25-42.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.15.010170.000325
  16. Jones, J. I., Murphy, J. F., Collins, A. L., Sear, D. A., Nadend, P. S., and Armitage, P. D. (2012). The impact of fine sediment on macro invertebrates, River Research And Applications, 28, 1055-1071.  https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1516
  17. Karr, J. R. (1999). Defining and measuring river health, Freshwater Biology, 41(2), 221-234.  https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00427.x
  18. Kong, D. S. (2002). Necessity and approach of establishing biological water quality standards, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, 20(Special issue), 38-49. [Korean Literature] 
  19. Kong, D. S. and Kim, J. Y. (2016). Development of benthic macroinvertebrates streambed index (BMSI) for bioassessment of stream physical habitat, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 32(1), 1-14. [Korean Literature]  https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.1.1
  20. Kong, D. S., Kim, J., Son, S. H., Oh, M. W., Choi, A. R., and Byeon, M. S. (2013). Development and application of Korean thermality index (KTI) for biological assessment on climate change, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 29(1), 114-126. 
  21. Kong, D. S., Min, J. K., and Noh, S. Y. (2018). Development of simple benthic macroinvertebrates index (SBMI) for biological assessment on stream environment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(5), 514-536. 
  22. Kong, D. S., Min, J. K., and Noh, S. Y. (2019). Development of benthic macroinvertebrates family-level biotic index for biological assessment on Korean stream environment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 35(2), 152-164. 
  23. Kong, D. S., Park, Y., and Jeon, Y. R. (2018). Revision of ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrates community in Korea, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(3), 251-269.  https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2018.34.3.251
  24. Kong, D. S., Son, S. H., Hwang S. J ., Won, D. H., Kim, M. C., Park, J. H., Jeon, T. S., Lee, J. E., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Park J., Kwak, I. S., Jun, Y. C., Park, Y. S., Ham, S. A., Lee, J. K., Lee, S. W., Park, C. H., Moon, J. S., Kim, J. Y., Park, H. K., Park, S. J., Kwon Y., Kim P., and Kim, A. R. (2018). Development of benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI) for biological assessment on stream environment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 34(2), 183-201. [Korean Literature]  https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2018.34.2.183
  25. Kong, D. S,, Son, S. H., Oh, M. W., Choi, A. R., Park, H. K., Yang, H. J., and Kim, J. Y., (2012). Developement and application of Korean thermality index (KTI) using benthic macroinvertebrates, Proceedings of the 2012 Spring Co-Conference of the Korean Society on Water Environment and Korea Society of Water and Wastewater, Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, 270-271. [Korean Literature] 
  26. Kwak, I. S., Park, J. W., Kim, W. S., and Park, K. (2020). Morphological and genetic species identification in the Chironomus larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) found in domestic tap water purification plants, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, 53(3), 286-294.  https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2020.53.3.286
  27. Mandaville, S. M. (2002). Benthic macroinvertebrates in freshwaters: Taxa tolerance values, metrics, and protocols, Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax Nova Scotia. 
  28. Morse, J. C., McCafferty, W. P., Stark, B. P., and Jacobus, L. M. (2017). Larvae of the southeastern USA mayfly, stonefly, and caddisfly species, Vol. 9, Asheville, NC: South Carolina Agriculture and Forestry Research System. 
  29. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2019). Guidelines on the current status survey of aquatic ecosystems and methods of evaluation of health, etc - River Part -, No. 2019-52. [Korean Literature] 
  30. Nojaki, T. (2012). Biological assessment based on macroinvertebrate communities-average score system for Japanes rivers, Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment, 35(4), 118-121. 
  31. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1982). Eutrophication of waters: Monitoring, assessment and control, OECD Cooperative Programme on Monitoring of Inland Waters, OECD, 1-154. 
  32. Paisley, M. F., Trigg, D. J., and Walley, W. J. (2014). Revision of the biological monitoring working party (BMWP) score system : Derivation of present-only and abundance-related scores from field data, River Research and Applications, 30(7), 887-904.  https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2686
  33. Park, H. J., Timm, T., and Bae, Y. J. (2013). Taxonomy of the Korean freshwater Oligochaeta (Annelida) with eight species new to Korea, Entomological Research Bulletin, 29(2), 180-188. 
  34. Plafkin, J. L. (1989). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. 
  35. Resh, V. H. and Jackson, J. K. (1993). Rapid assessment approaches to biomonitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates, Chapman and Hall, New York (USA), 195-223. 
  36. Robinson, J. L. (2023). Genus-level macroinvertebrate methods limit the conservation coverage afforded aquatic species, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 1148516. 
  37. Sladecek, V. (1969). The measures of saprobity, Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 17, 546-559.  https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1968.11895887
  38. Sladecek, V. (1973). System of water quality from biological point of view, Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 7, 1-218. 
  39. Smith, M. J., Kay, W. R., Edward, D. H, D, Papas, P. J., Richardson, K. S. J., Simpson, J. C. Pinder, A. M., Cale, D. J., Horwitz, P. H. J., Davis, J. A., Yung, F. H., Norris, R. H., and Halse, S. A. (1999). AusRivAS: Using macroinvertebrates to assess ecological condition of rivers in Western Australia, Freshwater Biology, 41(2), 269-282.  https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00430.x
  40. Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax (SWCSMH). (2015). Taxa tolerance values, http://lakes.chebucto.org/ZOOBENTH/BENTHOS/tolerance.html (accessed Jan. 2019). 
  41. UK Legislation. (2015). The water environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) (Amendmemt) Regulations 2015, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/1623/resources (accessed Jan. 2019). 
  42. United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA.). (2008). National rivers and streams assessment: Laboratory methods manual, Washington, D.C., USA, Office of Water and Office of Research and Development, EPA-841-B07-010. 
  43. Walley, W. J. and Hawkes, H. A. (1996). A computer-based reappraisal of the biological monitoring working party scores using data from the 1990 river quality survey of England and Wales, Water Research, 30(9), 2086-2094.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(96)00013-9
  44. Walley, W. J. and Hawkes, H. A. (1997). A computer-based development of the biological monitoring working party score system incorporating abundance rating, site type and indicator value, Water Research, 31(2), 201-210.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00249-7
  45. Won, D. H., Jun, Y. C., Kwon, S. J., Hwang, S. J., Ahn, K. G., and Lee, J. K. (2006). Development of Konan saprobic index using benthic macroinvertebrates and its application to biological stream environment assessment, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 22(5), 768-783. 
  46. Wright, J. F., Sutcliffe, D. W., and Furse, M. T. (2000). Assessing the biological quality of fresh waters: Rivpacs and other techniques, Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK, 1-24. 
  47. Yoon, I. B., Kong, D. and Ryu, J. K. (1992a). Studies on the biological evaluation of water quality by benthic macroinvertebrates (1) -Saprobic valency and indicative value-, Korean Society of Environmental Biology, 10(1), 24-39. [Korean Literature] 
  48. Yoon, I. B., Kong, D. and Ryu, J. K. (1992b). Studies on the biological evaluation of water quality by benthic macroinvertebrates (3) -Macroscopic simple water quality evaluation-, Korean Society of Environmental Biology, 10(2), 77-84. [Korean Literature] 
  49. Zelinka, M. and Marvan. P. (1961). Zur prazisierung der biologischen klassifikation der reinheid fliessender gewasser, Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57(3), 389-407.