Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
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Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Anti-Cancer Properties of Termitomyces

  • Suphachai Tharavecharak (Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki) ;
  • Corina N. D'Alessandro-Gabazza (Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University) ;
  • Masaaki Toda (Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University) ;
  • Taro Yasuma (Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University) ;
  • Taku Tsuyama (Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki) ;
  • Ichiro Kamei (Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki) ;
  • Esteban C. Gabazza (Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University)
  • Received : 2022.12.05
  • Accepted : 2023.03.02
  • Published : 2023.04.30
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Abstract

Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO2 conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a coadjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors want to thank all people who cooperated in the mushroom collection.

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