Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
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Genomic Analysis of the Xanthoria elegans and Polyketide Synthase Gene Mining Based on the Whole Genome

  • Xiaolong Yuan (Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University) ;
  • Yunqing Li (Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland) ;
  • Ting Luo (Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland) ;
  • Wei Bi (Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland) ;
  • Jiaojun Yu (Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University) ;
  • Yi Wang (Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization/National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Yunnan Rare and Endangered Species Conservation and Propagation, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland)
  • Received : 2022.06.08
  • Accepted : 2022.12.29
  • Published : 2023.02.28
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Abstract

Xanthoria elegans is a lichen symbiosis, that inhabits extreme environments and can absorb UV-B. We reported the de novo sequencing and assembly of X. elegans genome. The whole genome was approximately 44.63 Mb, with a GC content of 40.69%. Genome assembly generated 207 scaffolds with an N50 length of 563,100 bp, N90 length of 122,672 bp. The genome comprised 9,581 genes, some encoded enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism such as terpene, polyketides. To further understand the UV-B absorbing and adaptability to extreme environments mechanisms of X. elegans, we searched the secondary metabolites genes and gene-cluster from the genome using genome-mining and bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that 7 NR-PKSs, 12 HR-PKSs and 2 hybrid PKS-PKSs from X. elegans were isolated, they belong to Type I PKS (T1PKS) according to the domain architecture; phylogenetic analysis and BGCs comparison linked the putative products to two NR-PKSs and three HR-PKSs, the putative products of two NR-PKSs were emodin xanthrone (most likely parietin) and mycophelonic acid, the putative products of three HR-PKSs were soppilines, (+)-asperlin and macrolactone brefeldin A, respectively. 5 PKSs from X. elegans build a correlation between the SMs carbon skeleton and PKS genes based on the domain architecture, phylogenetic and BGC comparison. Although the function of 16 PKSs remains unclear, the findings emphasize that the genes from X. elegans represent an unexploited source of novel polyketide and utilization of lichen gene resources.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860177), General Project of Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province (202101AT070218), the Reserve Talents for Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders of the Yunnan Province (202205AC160044).

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