Geomechanics and Engineering

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The drained deformation characteristics of sand subjected to lateral cyclic loading

  • Junhua Xiao (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University) ;
  • Jiapei Ma (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University) ;
  • Jianfeng Xue (School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales) ;
  • Zhiyong Liu (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University) ;
  • Yingqi Bai (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University)
  • Received : 2023.05.07
  • Accepted : 2023.07.14
  • Published : 2023.09.10
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Abstract

Drained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on a saturated sand to examine its deformation characteristics under either axial or lateral cyclic loading condition. To apply lateral cyclic loading, the cell pressure was cycled while maintaining a constant vertical stress. The strain accumulations and flow direction in the soil were presented and discussed considering various initial stress ratios (η0), cyclic stress amplitudes and cyclic stress paths. The results indicate that axial strain accumulation shows an exponential increase with the maximum stress ratio (ηmax). The initial deviatoric stress has comparable effects with lateral cyclic stress amplitude on the accumulated axial strain. In contrast, the accumulated volumetric strain is directly proportional to the lateral cyclic stress amplitude but not much affected by η0 values. Due to the anisotropy of the soil, the accumulated axial and lateral bulging strains are greater in lateral cyclic loading when compared to axial cyclic loading even though ηmax is the same. It is also found that ηmax affects soil's lateral deformation and increasing the ratio could change the lateral deformation from contraction to bulging. The flow direction depends on ηmax in the sand under lateral cyclic loading, regardless of η0 values and the cyclic stress amplitudes, and a large ηmax could lead to great deviatoric strain but a little volumetric strain accumulation.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The project is sponsored by Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 23YF1449100) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U203420055).

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