Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Analysis of sustainability changes in the Korean rice cropping system using an emergy approach

에머지 접근법을 이용한 국내 벼농사 시스템의 지속가능성 변화 분석

  • Yongeun Kim (Ojeong Resilience Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Minyoung Lee (Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jinsol Hong (Ojeong Resilience Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Yun-Sik Lee (Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • June Wee (Ojeong Resilience Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Jaejun Song (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kijong Cho (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 김용은 (고려대학교 오정리질리언스연구원) ;
  • 이민영 (울산과학기술원 생명과학과) ;
  • 홍진솔 (고려대학교 오정리질리언스연구원) ;
  • 이윤식 (부산대학교 생물교육과) ;
  • 위준 (고려대학교 오정리질리언스연구원) ;
  • 송재준 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 조기종 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과)
  • Received : 2023.12.01
  • Accepted : 2023.12.22
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

Many changes in the scale and structure of the Korean rice cropping system have been made over the past few decades. Still, insufficient research has been conducted on the sustainability of this system. This study analyzed changes in the Korean rice cropping system's sustainability from a system ecology perspective using an emergy approach. For this purpose, an emergy table was created for the Korean rice cropping system in 2011, 2016, and 202, and an emergy-based indicator analysis was performed. The emergy analysis showed that the total emergy input to the rice cropping system decreased from 10,744E+18 sej year-1 to 8,342E+18 sej year-1 due to decreases in paddy field areas from 2011 to 2021, and the proportion of renewable resources decreased by 1.4%. The emergy input per area (ha) was found to have decreased from 13.13E+15 sej ha-1 year-1 in 2011 to 11.89E+15 sej ha-1 year-1 in 2021, and the leading cause was a decrease in nitrogen fertilizer usage and working hours. The amount of emergy used to grow 1 g of rice stayed the same between 2016 and 2021 (specific emergy: 13.3E+09 sej g-1), but the sustainability of the rice cropping system (emergy sustainability index, ESI) continued to decrease (2011: 0.107, 2016: 0.088, and 2021: 0.086). This study provides quantitative information on the emergy input structure and characteristics of Korean rice cropping systems. The results of this study can be used as a valuable reference in establishing measures to improve the ecological sustainability of the Korean rice cropping system.

지난 수십 년간 국내 벼농사 시스템은 규모와 구조 측면에서 많은 변화가 있었으나, 이 시스템의 지속가능성에 대한 연구는 충분히 이뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 에머지 분석방법을 이용하여, 시스템 생태학의 관점에서 국내 벼농사 시스템의 지속가능성 변화를 분석하고자 했다. 이를 위해서, 2011년, 2016년, 2021년의 국내 벼농사 시스템에 대한 에머지 테이블을 작성하고 에머지 기반 지표 분석을 수행하였다. 에머지 분석 결과, 2011~2021년 동안의 논면적 감소에 따라 벼농사 시스템에 투입된 총 에머지는 10,744E+18 sej year-1에서 8,342E+18 sej year-1로 감소했고, 재생가능한 자원의 비율은 1.4% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 면적당(ha) 투입된 에머지는 2011년 13.13E+15 sej ha-1 year-1에서 2021년 11.89E+15 sej ha-1 year-1로 감소한 것으로 분석되었고, 질소 비료 사용량 및 노동시간의 감소가 주된 원인이었다. 벼 1 g을 재배하는 데 투입되는 에머지는 2016년과 2021년 사이에 변화가 없었으나(specific emergy: 13.3E+09 sej g-1), 벼농사 시스템의 지속가능성(emergy sustainability index, ESI)은 2011년부터 2021년까지 계속해서 낮아진 것으로 나타났다(2011년: 0.107, 2016년: 0.088, 2021년: 0.086). 본 연구는 국내 벼농사 시스템의 에머지 투입 구조 및 특징에 대한 정량적인 정보를 제공했다. 이 연구 결과는 국내 벼농사 시스템의 생태적 지속가능성 향상을 위한 방안을 구축하는 데 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00242442). This research was also supported by Core Research Institute Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1A6A1A10045235).

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