Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Association of coffee consumption with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits: a Mendelian randomization study

  • Hyun Jeong Cho (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ga-Eun Yie (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jiyoung Youn (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Moonil Kang (Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine) ;
  • Taiyue Jin (Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center) ;
  • Joohon Sung (Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jung Eun Lee (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2022.08.09
  • Accepted : 2023.01.20
  • Published : 2023.08.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia in observational studies, but the causality of the association remains uncertain. This study tested a causal association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with T2D using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) associated with habitual coffee consumption in a previous genome-wide association study among Koreans. We analyzed the associations between IVs and T2D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h-postprandial glucose (2h-PG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The MR results were further evaluated by standard sensitivity tests for possible pleiotropism. RESULTS: MR analysis revealed that increased genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of T2D; ORs per one-unit increment of log-transformed cup per day of coffee consumption ranged from 0.75 (0.62-0.90) for the weighted mode-based method to 0.79 (0.62-0.99) for Wald ratio estimator. We also used the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted median-based method, MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO method. Similarly, genetically predicted coffee consumption was inversely associated with FBG and 2h-PG levels but not with HbA1c. Sensitivity measures gave similar results without evidence of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic predisposition to habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with T2D prevalence and lower levels of FBG and 2h-PG profiles. Our study warrants further exploration.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was conducted with bioresources from the National Biobank of Korea, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Republic of Korea (KBN-2018-044).

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