Advances in nano research

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Sol-gel synthesis, computational chemistry, and applications of Cao nanoparticles for the remediation of methyl orange contaminated water

  • Nnabuk Okon Eddy (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria) ;
  • Rajni Garg (Department of Applied Sciences, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Rishav Garg (Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Samson I. Eze (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria) ;
  • Emeka Chima Ogoko (Department of Chemistry, National Open University of Nigeria) ;
  • Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle (Department of Chemistry, National Open University of Nigeria) ;
  • Richard Alexis Ukpe (Department of Chemistry, Federal University) ;
  • Raphael Ogbodo (Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa) ;
  • Favour Chijoke (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria)
  • Received : 2022.01.02
  • Accepted : 2023.01.09
  • Published : 2023.07.25
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Abstract

Nanoparticles are known for their outstanding properties such as particle size, surface area, optical and electrical properties. These properties have significantly boasted their applications in various surface phenomena. In this work, calcium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from periwinkle shells as an approach towards waste management through resource recovery. The sol gel method was used for the synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultra violet visible spectrophotometer (UV-visible). While DLS and SEM underestimate the particle diameter, the BET analysis reveals surface area of 138.998 m2/g, pore volume = 0.167 m3/g and pore diameter of 2.47 nm. The nanoparticles were also employed as an adsorbent for the purification of dye (methyl orange) contaminated water. The adsorbent showed excellent removal efficiency (up to 97 %) for the dye through the mechanism of physical adsorption. The adsorption of the dye fitted the Langmuir and Temkin models. Analysis of FTIR spectrum after adsorption complemented with computational chemistry modelling to reveal the imine nitrogen group as the site for the adsorption of the dye unto the nanomaterials. The synthesized nanomaterials have an average particle size of 24 nm, showed a unique XRD peak and is thermally and mechanically stable within the investigated temperature range (30 to 70 ℃).

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors greatly acknowledge the Tertiary Education Trust Fund of Nigeria for providing the National Research Fund grant for the project that generated this research under Prof. Nnabuk Okon Eddy as the Principal Investigator.

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