Can Current Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Be Verified by P Wave of 12-Lead ECG at Present? The Answer Already Exists in the Atrial Substrate

References

1. Chamberlain AM, Redfield MM, Alonso A, Weston SA, Roger VL. Atrial fibrillation and mortality in heart failure: a community study. Circ Heart Fail 2011;4:740-6.
2. Lin HJ, Wolf PA, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study. Stroke 1996;27:1760-4.
3. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2021;42:373-498.
4. Moran PS, Teljeur C, Ryan M, Smith SM. Systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;2016:CD009586. 
5. Kim M, Kim TH, Yu HT, et al. Prevalence and predictors of clinically relevant atrial high-rate episodes in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Korean Circ J 2021;51:235-47.
6. Kim YG, Choi HY, Shim J, et al. Electrical remodeling of left atrium is a better predictor for recurrence than structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Korean Circ J 2022;52:368-78.
7. Jung M, Kim JS, Song JH, et al. Usefulness of P wave duration in embolic stroke of undetermined source. J Clin Med 2020;9:1134.
8. Batul SA, Gopinathannair R. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: a therapeutic challenge of our times. Korean Circ J 2017;47:644-62.
9. Pay L, Yumurtas AC, Tezen O, et al. Efficiency of MVP ECG risk score for prediction of long-term atrial fibrillation in patients with ICD for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Korean Circ J 2023;53:621-31.