Anatomy and Cell Biology

Korean Association of Anatomists (대한해부학회)
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Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating plunged nose and post-rhinoplasty: anatomical perspectives of depressor septi nasi, nasalis, leveator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

  • Kyu-Ho Yi (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Ji-Hyun Lee (Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • Seon-Oh Kim (Aura Clinic) ;
  • Hyewon Hu (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Hyung-Jin Lee (Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • You-Jin Choi (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Tae-Hwan Ahn (Fresh Facial Aesthetic Surgery and ENT Clinic) ;
  • Hee-Jin Kim (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry)
  • Received : 2023.02.24
  • Accepted : 2023.05.24
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection for the treating plunged nose, post-rhinopasty and hyaluronic filler migration is common procedures in clinical settings. However, the lack of thorough anatomical understanding makes it difficult to locate the nose region muscles. The anatomical considerations concerned with BoNT injection into the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles were reviewed in this study. The injection spots have been presented for the nasalis, levator labii superioris alaeque, and depressor septi nasi muscles, with the recommended injection technique for each muscle. We have suggested the ideal injection sites in association with outer anatomical landmarks of the nose region. Moreover, these proposals would support a more accurate procedure of BoNT injection in relieving plunged nose, preventing post-rhinoplasty deviation, and migration of the hyaluronic acid filler.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science for anatomical research. The results of such research can potentially increase mankind's overall knowledge, which can improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude. The authors thank Eun-Byul Yi from Eonbuk elementary school for illustrations.

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