Anatomy and Cell Biology

  • 제56권2호
  • /
  • Pages.211-218
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 2093-3665(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-3673(eISSN)
대한해부학회 (Korean Association of Anatomists)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Anatomical study of divergences in facial artery endings

  • Yasser Ayish Alharbi (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), National Guard Health Affair (NGHA))
  • 투고 : 2022.12.21
  • 심사 : 2023.02.13
  • 발행 : 2023.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Despite several studies focusing on the facial arteries variable courses, the findings have significantly differed. The divergent findings have made it increasingly challenging to establish consistent correlations. Thus, as a vital artery, the facial artery is prone to numerous variations, which makes the identification of the variations vital to clinical practice, particularly for the orofacial and rhinoplastic surgery, and the increasingly selective chemotherapy procedures. The present research uses angiography images for analysis in studying the bilateral facial artery variations noted in patients undergoing carotid angiography for the evaluation of congenital anomalies, cerebral vascular malformations, and intra-arterial procedures. Conventional angiography was used, as it is a vital assessment tool that helps in the assessment of variations in the facial arteries and is suitable in evaluating smaller vascular anatomy, due to the perfect spatial resolution and portrayal of vascular anatomy. Thus, rather than normal ending of the facial artery as an angular artery, the study disclosed that in certain instances, the artery termination took the form of a superior labial artery with a small lateral nasal artery branch located closer to the midline compared to the normal cases. Also, the study has disclosed a conspicuous pre-masseteric branch with small branches originating from the infraorbital artery and providing potential compensation for the facial artery's shortness. Regardless of the infrequency of such variations, it is vital that they are considered during the performance of any facial surgical procedure.

키워드

과제정보

I would like to acknowledge my family members for providing me with the necessary support system that has enabled me to carry out this study and even succeed in my educational and career endeavors. Particularly, I would love to acknowledge my father and mother, who have patiently guided and steered me through their moral support and encouragement that has enabled me to go beyond what I might have perceived as impossible and never to give up. Their unending and priceless prayers have been a great source of support and inspiration throughout the writing of this study. Lastly, I would like to express my utmost appreciation to all individuals who donated their human bodies for performance of medical research.

참고문헌

  1. Braz A, Humphrey S, Weinkle S, Yee GJ, Remington BK, Lorenc ZP, Yoelin S, Waldorf HA, Azizzadeh B, Butterwick KJ, de Maio M, Sadick N, Trevidic P, Criollo-Lamilla G, Garcia P. Lower face: clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015;136(5 Suppl):235S257S.
  2. Funt D, Pavicic T. Dermal fillers in aesthetics: an overview of adverse events and treatment approaches. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013;6:295-316.
  3. Pilsl U, Anderhuber F, Neugebauer S. The facial artery-the main blood vessel for the anterior face? Dermatol Surg 2016;42:203-8.
  4. Lohn JW, Penn JW, Norton J, Butler PE. The course and variation of the facial artery and vein: implications for facial transplantation and facial surgery. Ann Plast Surg 2011;67:184-8.
  5. Furukawa M, Mathes DW, Anzai Y. Evaluation of the facial artery on computed tomographic angiography using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography: implications for facial reconstruction in plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;131:526-35.
  6. Koh KS, Kim HJ, Oh CS, Chung IH. Branching patterns and symmetry of the course of the facial artery in Koreans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;32:414-8.
  7. Lasjaunias P, Vignaud J, Hasso AN. Maxillary artery blood supply to the orbit: normal and pathological aspects. Neuroradiology 1975;9:87-97.
  8. Lee JG, Yang HM, Choi YJ, Favero V, Kim YS, Hu KS, Kim HJ. Facial arterial depth and relationship with the facial musculature layer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015;135:437-44.
  9. Desai H, Yu H, Ohana E, Gunnell ET, Kim J, Isaacson A. Comparative analysis of cone-beam CT angiogram and conventional CT angiogram for prostatic artery identification prior to embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018;29:229-32.
  10. Park JH, Chung JW, Lee KW, Park YB, Han MC. CT angiography of Takayasu arteritis: comparison with conventional angiography. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997;8:393-400.
  11. Niemann K, Lazarus L, Rennie C. An anatomical study of the facial artery. Int J Morphol 2019;37:1310-5.
  12. Meegalla N, Sood G, Nessel TA, Downs BW. Anatomy, head and neck, facial arteries [Internet]. StatPearls; 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 13]. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk536932.
  13. Cho KH, Dalla Pozza E, Toth G, Bassiri Gharb B, Zins JE. Pathophysiology study of filler-induced blindness. Aesthet Surg J 2019;39:96-106.
  14. Thanasarnaksorn W, Cotofana S, Rudolph C, Kraisak P, Chanasumon N, Suwanchinda A. Severe vision loss caused by cosmetic filler augmentation: case series with review of cause and therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018;17:712-8.
  15. Marx C, Kumar P, Reddy S, Vollala VR. Bilateral variation of facial artery: a case report. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2008;49:399-401.
  16. Kumar A, Elumalai G, Thangamani M, Palayathan N, Singh MK. A rare variation in facial artery and its implications in facial surgery: case report. J Surg 2014;2:68-71.
  17. Yonenaga K, Tohnai I, Mitsudo K, Mori Y, Saijo H, Iwai T, Yonehara Y, Ota Y, Torigoe K, Takato T. Anatomical study of the external carotid artery and its branches for administration of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy via the superficial temporal artery. Int J Clin Oncol 2011;16:654-9.
  18. Loukas M, Hullett J, Louis RG Jr, Kapos T, Knight J, Nagy R, Marycz D. A detailed observation of variations of the facial artery, with emphasis on the superior labial artery. Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:316-24.
  19. Mitz V, Ricbourg B, Lassau JP. [Facial branches of the facial artery in adults. Typology, variations and respective cutaneous areas]. Ann Chir Plast 1973;18:339-50. French.
  20. Niranjan NS. An anatomical study of the facial artery. Ann Plast Surg 1988;21:14-22.
  21. Wang D, Xiong S, Zeng N, Wu Y. Facial arterial variations in Asians: a study on computed tomographic angiography. Aesthet Surg J 2022;42:527-34.
  22. Kim JH, Kang NH, Lee IH, Seo YJ, Yang HJ, Song SH, Oh SH. Preoperative evaluation of the facial artery using facial angio computed tomography. Arch Plast Surg 2011;38:719-24.
  23. Koziej M, Trybus M, Holda M, Polak J, Wnuk J, Brzegowy P, Popiela T, Walocha J, Chrapusta A. Anatomical map of the facial artery for facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures. Aesthet Surg J 2019;39:1151-62.
  24. Kaatee R, Beek FJ, de Lange EE, van Leeuwen MS, Smits HF, van der Ven PJ, Beutler JJ, Mali WP. Renal artery stenosis: detection and quantification with spiral CT angiography versus optimized digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 1997;205:121-7.
  25. Perrini P, Cardia A, Fraser K, Lanzino G. A microsurgical study of the anatomy and course of the ophthalmic artery and its possibly dangerous anastomoses. J Neurosurg 2007;106:142-50.
  26. Lee JS, Kim JY, Jung C, Woo SJ. Iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion and retinal artery occlusion. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020;78:100848.
  27. Sito G, Manzoni V, Sommariva R. Vascular complications after facial filler injection: a literature review and meta-analysis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2019;12:E65-72.