Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Evaluation of the Effects of Euglena gracilis on Enhancing Immune Responses in RAW264.7 Cells and a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mouse Model

  • Kyeong Ah Jo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kyeong Jin Kim (Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Soo-yeon Park (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jin-Young Jeon (BIO R&D Center, Daesang Corp.) ;
  • Ji Eun Hwang (BIO R&D Center, Daesang Corp.) ;
  • Ji Yeon Kim (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2022.12.12
  • Accepted : 2023.01.06
  • Published : 2023.04.28
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Abstract

In this study we evaluated the immune-enhancing effects of β-glucan, the main component of Euglena gracilis (Euglena), and Euglena on inflammatory factor expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and ICR mice with cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. Macrophages were treated with β-glucan or Euglena for 48 h. The β-glucan and Euglena groups exhibited higher levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than the control (vehicle alone) group. Animals were fed saline and β-glucan (400 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)) or Euglena (400 or 800 mg/kg B.W.) for 19 days, and on days 17-19, cyclophosphamide (CCP, 80 mg/kg B.W.) was administered to induce immunosuppression in the ICR mouse model. CCP reduced the body weight, spleen index, and cytokine expression of the mice. To measure cytokine and receptor expression, splenocytes were treated with concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a mitogen for 24 h. In vivo, ConA stimulation significantly upregulated the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12 receptor β1, IL-1β, and IL-2 in splenocytes from the β-glucan- or Euglena-treated groups compared with those in the splenocytes from the CCP-treated group; LPS stimulation increased the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in splenocytes from the β-glucan- or Euglena- treated groups compared with those from the CCP-treated group, but most of these differences were not significant. These results demonstrate the effect of Euglena in ameliorating macrophages and immunosuppression in CCP-treated mice. Thus, Euglena has the potential to enhance macrophage- and splenocyte- mediated immune-stimulating responses.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was part of a project titled "Development of Functional Food Materials Derived from Marine Resources, Microalga Euglena gracilis," which was funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea.

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