Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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A Case Study on Science Teachers' Implementation of NOS Assessments in 'Scientific Inquiries in the History' of Science Inquiry Experiment

과학탐구실험의 '역사 속의 과학 탐구'에서 과학교사의 NOS 평가 실행에 대한 사례 연구

  • Received : 2023.02.10
  • Accepted : 2023.04.19
  • Published : 2023.06.30
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Abstract

In this study, we comprehensively investigated the cases of science teachers who implemented NOS assessments in Science Inquiry Experiment. Two science teachers working at high schools located in Seoul who taught and assessed NOS in Science Inquiry Experiment according to the 2015 revised curriculum participated in the study. We collected lesson and assessment materials and observed NOS lessons and assessments. We also conducted interviews. Based on the collected data, we analyzed the processes of the teachers' NOS assessments. The analyses of the results revealed that the teachers constructed the assessments by themselves due to a lack of NOS assessment experience and related materials. They had difficulties in selecting an appropriate assessment method and constructing assessment questions and criteria. Both teachers found it difficult to assess an understanding of NOS because it concerns the subjective views of individual students. Therefore, they had difficulties in setting detailed assessment criteria, which also led to difficulties in the overall assessment process. There was a difference in the reflective level of the assessments between the two teachers. In the reflective activities of low levels, the assessments were not properly enacted because it was difficult to infer students' understanding. Orientation toward teaching NOS influenced the perceptions of NOS assessment and overall lessons, resulting in a difference in NOS assessments. Finally, the absolute evaluation of Science Inquiry Experiment also affected teachers' NOS assessments. Based on the above results, implications for effective NOS assessments in schools are discussed.

이 연구에서는 과학탐구실험 수업에서 NOS 평가를 실행하는 과학교사의 사례를 심층적으로 분석하였다. 서울시에 소재한 고등학교에 재직 중이며 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 과학탐구실험의 수업에서 NOS를 가르치고 평가한 과학교사 2명이 연구에 참여하였다. 이들의 수업 및 평가 자료를 수집하고 NOS 수업과 평가를 관찰하였으며 면담을 실시하였다. 수집한 자료를 바탕으로 두 교사의 NOS 평가 실행 과정을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 NOS에 대한 평가 경험이나 자료가 부족하여 평가를 직접 구성하였으며 적절한 평가 방법을 선택하고 평가 문항, 준거를 구성하는 과정에서 어려움을 겪었다. 두 교사 모두 NOS에 대한 이해가 학생 개인의 주관적 견해이므로 평가하기 어렵다고 생각하였다. 따라서 구체적인 평가 준거를 설정하는데 어려움을 겪었고 이는 평가 실행 과정 전반에도 어려움을 가져왔다. 두 교사가 실행한 평가의 반성적 수준에서 차이가 나타났으며 낮은 수준의 반성적 활동에서는 학생들의 이해 추론에 어려움이 있었으므로 평가가 제대로 이루어지지 못했다. NOS에 대한 교수지향은 NOS 평가에 대한 인식, 수업 전반의 구성에 영향을 미쳐 두 교사의 NOS 평가 실행에도 차이를 가져왔다. 마지막으로 과학탐구실험의 절대평가 방식 또한 교사들의 NOS 평가 실행에 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 학교 현장에서 효과적인 NOS 평가가 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 인문사회분야 중견연구자지원사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2021S1A5A2A01061452)

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