Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회지)

The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology (한국응용과학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Heart rate recovery as a critical determinant in weightlifting

역도선수의 경기력 결정요인으로서 심박수 회복에 관한 연구

  • Dong-Joo Hwang (Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Jung-Hoon Koo (Department of Exercise Training for Health care and Management, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Tae-Kyung Kim (Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Yong-Chul Jang (Department of Exercise Training for Health care and Management, Korea National Sport University) ;
  • Joon-Yong Cho (Department of Exercise Training for Health care and Management, Korea National Sport University)
  • 황동주 (한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소) ;
  • 구정훈 (한국체육대학교 운동건강관리학과) ;
  • 김태경 (한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소) ;
  • 장용철 (한국체육대학교 운동건강관리학과) ;
  • 조준용 (한국체육대학교 운동건강관리학과)
  • Received : 2023.12.11
  • Accepted : 2023.12.26
  • Published : 2023.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Despite its profound impact on athletic performance, the significance of heart rate recovery (HRR) has been insufficiently addressed in the filed of sports science, particularly in the context of weightlifting characterized by brief and intense exertions involving heavy weights. Serving as a valuable indicator of autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular function, HRR assumes a pivotal role in weightlifting. This comprehensive review aims to delineate the specific demands for HRR in weightlifting, shedding light on the often overlooked cardiovascular considerations within training regimes focused on strength and power. The investigation scrutinizes the repercussions of HRR on weightlifting performance, seeking to elucidate how inadequate recovery intervals may result in physiological and psychological consequences. These consequences encompass a distorted perception of effort, disruption of coordination, compromised posture due to irregular breathing, and an overall decline in lifting capacity. The review systematically presents compelling evidence pertaining to heart rate response and recovery patterns during weightlifting, underscoring the critical importance of well-structured rest periods. Furthermore, the review delves into a comprehensive discussion of factors influencing HRR in weightlifting, encompassing variables such as sex, age, cardiovascular function, hydration, nutrition, and psychological aspects. Finally, a key emphasis is placed on the integration of effective HRR techniques into the training regimens of weightlifters, thereby ensuring sustained and optimized performance outcomes.

Keywords

References

  1. W. M. Savin, D. M. Davidson, W. L. Haskell, "Autonomic contribution to heart rate recovery from exercise in humans", J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol, Vol.53, No.6 pp. 1572-1575, (1982).
  2. S. A. Romero, C. T. Minson, J. R. Halliwill, "The cardiovascular system after exercise", Journal of applied physiology, Vol.122, No.4 pp. 925-932, (2017).
  3. J. H. Coote. "Recovery of heart rate following intense dynamic exercise", Experimental physiology, Vol.95, No.3 pp. 431-440, (2010).
  4. H. A. Daanen, R. P. Lamberts, V. L. Kallen, A. Jin, N. L. Van Meeteren, "A systematic review on heart-rate recovery to monitor changes in training status in athletes", International journal of sports physiology and performance, Vol.7, No.3 pp. 251-260, (2012).
  5. J. Suzic Lazic, M. Dekleva, I. Soldatovic, R. Leischik, S. Suzic, D. Radovanovic, B. Djuric, D. Nesic, M. Lazic, S. Mazic, "Heart rate recovery in elite athletes: the impact of age and exercise capacity", Clinical physiology and functional imaging, Vol.37, No.2 pp.117-123, (2017).
  6. O. Kwon, S. Park, Y. J. Kim, S. Y. Min, Y. R. Kim, G. B. Nam, K. J. Choi, Y. H. Kim, "The exercise heart rate profile in master athletes compared to healthy controls", Clinical physiology and functional imaging, Vol.36, No.4 pp. 286-292, (2016).
  7. M. Huebner, D. E. Meltzer, A. Perperoglou, "Age-associated Performance Decline and Sex Differences in Olympic Weightlifting", Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Vol.51, No.11 pp. 2302-2308, (2019).
  8. M. A. Soriano, T. J. Suchomel, P. Comfort, "Weightlifting Overhead Pressing Derivatives: A Review of the Literature", Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), Vol.49, No.6 pp. 867-885, (2019).
  9. K. C. Pierce, W. G. Hornsby, M. H. Stone, "Weightlifting for Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review", Sports health, Vol.14, No.1 pp. 45-56, (2022).
  10. A. Storey, H. K. Smith, "Unique aspects of competitive weightlifting: performance, training and physiology", Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), Vol.42 No.9 pp. 769-790, (2012).
  11. H. Hartmann, K. Wirth, M. Keiner, C. Mickel, A. Sander, E. Szilvas, "Short-term Periodization Model: Effects on Strength and Speed-strength Performance", Sports medicine, Vol.45, No.10 pp. 1373-1386, (2008).
  12. J. Janz, M. Malone, "Training explosiveness: Weightlifting and beyond", Strength & Conditioning Journal, Vol.30, No.6 pp. 14-22, (2008).
  13. H. Hartmann, K. Wirth, M. Keiner, C. Mickel, A. Sander, E. Szilvas, "Short-term Periodization Models: Effects on Strength and Speed-strength Performance", Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), Vol.45 No.10 pp. 1373-1386, (2015).
  14. C. D. Bazyler, S. Mizuguchi, M. C. Zourdos, K. Sato, A. A. Kavanaugh, B. H. DeWeese, K. F. Breuel, M. H. Stone, "Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.32, No.11 pp. 3029-3038, (2018).
  15. R. Furrer, J. A. Hawley, C. Handschin, "The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals", Physiological reviews, Vol.103, No.3 pp. 1693-1787, (2023).
  16. J. L. Chen, D. P. Yeh, J. P. Lee, C. Y. Chen, C. Y. Huang, S. D. Lee, C. C. Chen, T. B. Kuo, C. L. Kao, C. H. Kuo, "Parasympathetic nervous activity mirrors recovery status in weightlifting performance after training", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.25, No.6 pp. 1546-1552, (2011).
  17. A. S. Lepley, B. M. Hatzel, "Effects of weightlifting and breathing technique on blood pressure and heart rate", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.24, No.8 pp. 2179-2183, (2010).
  18. J. Borresen, M. I. Lambert, "Autonomic control of heart rate during and after exercise: measurements and implications for monitoring training status", Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), Vol.38, No,8 pp. 633-646, (2008).
  19. J. Lassing, T. Maudrich, R. Kenville, Z. Uyar, C. Bischoff, S. Fikenzer, M. Busse, R. Falz, "Intensity-dependent cardiopulmonary response during and after strength training", Scientific reports, Vol.13, No.1 pp. 6632, (2023).
  20. M. A. Collins, K. J. Cureton, D. W. Hill, C. A. Ray, "Relationship of heart rate to oxygen uptake during weightlifting exercise", Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Vol.23, No.5 pp. 636-640, (1991).
  21. A. S. Date, S. R. Simonson, L. B. Ransdell, Y. Gao, "Lactate response to different volume patterns of power clean", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.27, No.3 pp. 604-610, (2013).
  22. J. Devlin, B. Paton, L. Poole, W. Sun, C. Ferguson, J. Wilson, O. J. Kemi, "Blood lactate clearance after maximal exercise depends on active recovery intensity", The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Vol.54, No.3 pp. 271-278, (2014).
  23. G. M. Migliaccio, L. Russo, M. Maric, J. Padulo, "Sports Performance and Breathing Rate: What Is the Connection? A Narrative Review on Breathing Strategies", Sports (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.11, No.5 pp. 103, (2023).
  24. J. L. Ford, K. Ildefonso, M. L. Jones, M. Arvinen-Barrow, "Sport-related anxiety: current insights", Open access journal of sports medicine, Vol.8 pp. 205-212, (2017).
  25. A. S. Lepley, B. M. Hatzel, "Effects of weightlifting and breathing technique on blood pressure and heart rate", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.24, No.8 pp. 2179-2183, (2010).
  26. J. Greiwe, J. Gruenke, J. S. Zeiger, "The impact of mental toughness and postural abnormalities on dysfunctional breathing in athletes", The Journal of asthma: official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, Vol.59, No.4 pp. 730-738, (2022).
  27. U. Aasa, I. Svartholm, F. Andersson, L. Berglund, "Injuries among weightlifters and powerlifters: a systematic review", British journal of sports medicine, Vol.51, No.4 pp. 211-219, (2017).
  28. L. Hottenrott, S. Ketelhut, C. Schneider, T. Wiewelhove, A. Ferrauti, "Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Recovery from High-Intensity and Endurance Exercise: A Brief Review", International journal of sports physiology and performance, Vol.16, No.6 pp. 752-762, (2021).
  29. G. V. Mendonca, K. S. Heffernan, L. Rossow, M. Guerra, F. D. Pereira, B. Fernhall, "Sex differences in linear and nonlinear heart rate variability during early recovery from supramaximal exercise", Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, Vol.35, No.4 pp. 439-446, (2010).
  30. D. Zubac, N. Goswami, V. Ivancev, Z. Valic, B. Simunic, "Independent influence of age on heart rate recovery after flywheel exercise in trained men and women", Scientific reports, Vol.11, No.1 pp. 12011, (2021).
  31. H. Tanaka, D. R Seals, "Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms", The Journal of physiology, Vol.586, No.1 pp. 55-63, (2008).
  32. Dimkpa, Uchechukwu, "Post-exercise heart rate recovery: an index of cardiovascular fitness", Journal of Exercise Physiology, online Vol.12.2. (2009).
  33. M. A. Opondo, S. Sarma, B. D. Levine, "The Cardiovascular Physiology of Sports and Exercise", Clinics in sports medicine, Vol.34, No.3 pp. 391-404, (2015).
  34. J. H. Wilmore, P. R. Stanforth, J. Gagnon, T. Rice, S. Mandel, A. S. Leon, D. C. Rao, J. S. Skinner, C. Bouchard, "Cardiac output and stroke volume changes with endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Stud", Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Vol.33, No.1 pp. 99-106, (2001).
  35. A. L. Baggish, M. J. Wood, "Athlete's heart and cardiovascular care of the athlete: scientific and clinical update", Circulation, Vol.123, No.23 pp. 2723-2735, (2011).
  36. T. Durmic, M. Ðjelic, T. Gavrilovic, M. Antic, R. Jeremic, A. Vujovic, Z. Mihailovic, M. Zdravkovic, "Usefulness of heart rate recovery parameters to monitor cardiovascular adaptation in elite athletes: The impact of the type of sport", Physiology international, Vol.106, No.1 pp. 81-94, (2019).
  37. J. C. Watso, W. B. Farquhar, "Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function", Nutrients, Vol.11, No.8 pp.1866, (2019).
  38. P. R. Harris, D. A. Keen, E. Constantopoulos, S. N. Weninger, E. Hines, M. P. Koppinger, Z. I. Khalpey, J. P. Konhilas, "Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects", Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Vol.16, No.1 pp. 15, (2019).
  39. R. J. Maughan, S. M. Shirreffs, "Dehydration and rehydration in competative sport", Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Vo.20, pp. 40-47, (2010).
  40. J. E. Schoffstall, J. D. Branch, B. C. Leutholtz, E. E. Swain, "Effects of dehydration and rehydration on the one-repetition maximum bench press of weight-trained males", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vol.15, No.1 pp. 102-108, (2001).
  41. III. R. Carter, S. N. Cheuvront, D. W. Wray, M. A. Kolka, L. A. Stephenson, M. N. Sawka, "The influence of hydration status on heart rate variability after exercise heat stress", Journal of Thermal Biology, Vol.30, No.7 pp. 495-502, (2005).
  42. M. Henselmans, T. Bjornsen, R. Hedderman, F. T. Varvik, "The Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Strength and Resistance Training Performance: A Systematic Review", Nutrients, Vol.14, No.4 pp. 856, (2022).
  43. A. X. Bigard, H. Sanchez, G. Claveyrolas, S. Martin, B. Thimonier, M. J. Arnaud, "Effects of dehydration and rehydration on EMG changes during fatiguing contractions", Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Vol.33, No.10 pp. 1694-1700, (2001).
  44. M. F. Hasan, S. Bahri, I. K. Adnyana, "Identification of nutritional status and body composition in weightlifting athlete", Journal of Physical Education & Sport, Vol.21, (2021).
  45. P. Knuiman, M. T. Hopman, M. Mensink, "Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise", Nutrition & metabolism, Vol.12, pp. 59, (2015).
  46. J. M. Berardi, T. B. Price, E. E. Noreen, P. W. Lemon, "Postexercise muscle glycogen recovery enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement", Medicine and science in sports and exercise, Vol.38, No.6 pp. 1106-1113, (2006).
  47. B. Wax, A. N. Kavazis, S. P. Brown, "Effects of supplemental carbohydrate ingestion during superimposed electromyostimulation exercise in elite weightlifters", Journal of strength and conditioning research, Vo.27, Vol.11 pp. 3084-3090, (2013).
  48. J. Bunn, J. Manor, E. Wells, B. Catanzarito, B. Kincer, L. C. Eschbach, "Physiological and emotional influence on heart rate recovery after submaximal exercise", Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, Vol.12, No.2 pp. 349-357, (2017).
  49. L. S. Fortes, B. D. V. da Costa, P. P. Paes, J. R. A. do Nascimento Junior, L. Fiorese, M. E. C. Ferreira, "Influence of Competitive-Anxiety on Heart Rate Variability in Swimmers", Journal of sports science & medicine, Vol.16, No.4 pp. 498-504, (2017).
  50. H. E. Webb, M. L. Weldy, E. C. Fabianke-Kadue, G. R. Orndorff, G. H. Kamimori, E. O. Acevedo, "Psychological stress during exercise: cardiorespiratory and hormonal responses", European journal of applied physiology, Vol.104, No.6 pp. 973-981, (2008).
  51. A. Durguerian, C. Bougard, C. Drogou, F. Sauvet, M. Chennaoui, E. Filaire, "Weight Loss, Performance and Psychological Related States in High-level Weightlifters", International journal of sports medicine, Vol.37, No.3 pp. 230-238, (2016).
  52. A. G. Storey, N. P. Birch, V. Fan, H. K. Smith, "Stress responses to short-term intensified and reduced training in competitive weightlifters", Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Vol.26, No.1 pp. 29-40, (2016).
  53. P. Rothlin, D. Birrer, S. Horvath, M. Grosse Holtforth, "Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment", BMC psychology, Vol.4, No.1 pp. 39, (2016).