Computers and Concrete

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Effect of internal stability on the failure properties of gravel-sand mixtures

  • Zhongsen Li (LMPS, Paris-Saclay University, CentraleSupelec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS) ;
  • Hanene Souli (LTDS, University of Lyon, CentraleLyon-ENISE, CNRS) ;
  • Jean-Marie Fleureau (LMPS, Paris-Saclay University, CentraleSupelec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS) ;
  • Jean-Jacques Fry (Centre d'Ingenierie Hydraulique, Electricite de France) ;
  • Tariq Ouahbi (LOMC, Normandy University, CNRS) ;
  • Said Taibi (LOMC, Normandy University, CNRS)
  • Received : 2022.11.05
  • Accepted : 2023.01.25
  • Published : 2023.05.25
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Abstract

The paper investigates the effect of two parameters - sand content (SC) and grain migration during shearing - on the mechanical properties of gravel-sand mixtures. Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial tests were carried out on eight series of mixtures containing gravel (1<d<16 mm) and sand (0.1<d<1 mm). The prepared mixtures have sand contents of 0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 54, 94 and 100%, and a relative density of 60%. The transition sand content (TSC) is experimentally defined and marks the transition from gravel-driven to sand-driven behavior. For SC<TSC, the dry density of the mixture increases with SC. This induces an increase in undrained peak strength and dilative trend. The slope and position of the critical state line (CSL) are also deeply dependent on SC. At SC=TSC, the mixtures exhibit the largest dry density and yield the highest undrained peak strength and the largest dilative trend. During shearing, large internal migration of grains was observed at the TSC, causing heterogeneity in the sample. Analysis of the CSL deduced from the final points of the triaxial tests shows that, at the TSC, failure appears to correspond to the behavior of the coarsest fraction of the soil. This fraction is located in the upper part of the sample, where the sand particles had been eliminated by suffusion. On the other hand, in the more stable materials, the CSL is consistent with the bulk grain size distribution of the soil.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank Electricite de France who financially supported this work.

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