The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
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Perception of discrepancy in the upper midline position in conjunction with the gingival display according to various occupations in Iran

  • Hooman Zarif Najafi (Orthodontic Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Taraneh Estedlal (Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Maryam Saki (Orthodontic Research Center, Health System Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Maryam Azadi (Private Practice)
  • Received : 2022.07.22
  • Accepted : 2023.01.12
  • Published : 2023.05.25
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Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of various gingival displays on the esthetic perception in the presence of upper dental midline discrepancy. Methods: A smiling image of a male subject was altered digitally to produce five image series: normal smile (series A), decreased tooth show (series B), increased gingival show (series C), maxillary cant (series D), and asymmetric upper lip elevation (series E). In each image series, the midline was deviated to the right and left incrementally. A total of 210 raters (four professional groups and laypersons, n = 42 in each group) determined the midline deviation threshold and the attractiveness of midline position in each series. Results: The right and left thresholds were statistically similar for the symmetrical series (A, B, and C), while for series D, the right threshold was significantly lower. In most rater groups, the mean threshold order was: B > A > E > C > D. In all the series, the raters selected the coincident midline as the most attractive series except for series D, for which 1-2-mm deviations to the left were selected as the most attractive by almost all the groups. Conclusions: It is crucial to establish the coincident midline position in a symmetrical smile, especially when a gummy smile exists. In the asymmetrical gingival show, a coincident midline might not be the most esthetic midline position.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) for supporting the research (grant number: 96-01-21-14557).

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