Acknowledgement
Editorial support for the development of this manuscript, under the direction of the authors, was provided by Rebecca Benatan, BSc, and Fiona Scott, Ph.D., of Ashfield MedComms, Macclesfield and Glasgow, UK, an Ashfield Health Company, and was funded by GSK.
References
- Celli BR, MacNee W; ATS/ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004;23:932-46. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00014304
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2021 report). Fontana: GOLD; 2021. p. 164.
- Chapman KR, Mannino DM, Soriano JB, Vermeire PA, Buist AS, Thun MJ, et al. Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2006;27:188-207. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00024505
- Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C, Mathers CD, Hansell AL, Held LS, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J 2006;27:397-412. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00025805
- Halpin DM, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Frith P, Lopez Varela MV, Salvi S, et al. The GOLD summit on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019;23:1131-41. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0397
- Miravitlles M, D'Urzo A, Singh D, Koblizek V. Pharmacological strategies to reduce exacerbation risk in COPD: a narrative review. Respir Res 2016;17:112.
- GlaxoSmithKline. UMEC/VI Korean Prescribing Information [Internet]. Anyang: Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management; 2014 [cited 2022 Dec 5]. Available from: https://nedrug.mfds.go.kr/pbp/CCBBB01/getItemDetail?itemSeq=201403055.
- Feldman GJ, Sousa AR, Lipson DA, Tombs L, Barnes N, Riley JH, et al. Comparative efficacy of once-daily umeclidinium/vilanterol and tiotropium/olodaterol therapy in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized study. Adv Ther 2017;34:2518-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-017-0626-4
- Moretz C, Bengtson LG, Sharpsten L, Koep E, Le L, Tong J, et al. Evaluation of rescue medication use and medication adherence receiving umeclidinium/vilanterol versus tiotropium bromide/olodaterol. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019;14:2047-60. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S213520
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Safety control after releasing medicinal products etc.: guideline on re-examination affairs of new drugs etc. (A guide for civil petitioner). Cheongju: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2019.
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020 report). Fontana: GOLD; 2020.
- Rhee CK, Chau NQ, Yunus F, Matsunaga K, Perng DW; on behalf the COPD Assembly of the APSR. Management of COPD in Asia: a position statement of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Respirology 2019;24:1018-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13633
- Lim SY, Choi WI, Jeon K, Guallar E, Koh Y, Lim CM, et al. Body mass index and mortality in Korean intensive care units: a prospective multicenter cohort study. PLoS One 2014;9:e90039.
- Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, Locantore N, Mullerova H, Tal-Singer R, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1128-38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909883
- Lee JY, Chon GR, Rhee CK, Kim DK, Yoon HK, Lee JH, et al. Characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the first visit to a pulmonary medical center in Korea: The Korea COPD Subgroup Study Team Cohort. J Korean Med Sci 2016;31:553-60. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.553
- Kim C, Yoo KH, Rhee CK, Yoon HK, Kim YS, Lee SW, et al. Health care use and economic burden of patients with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014;18:737-43. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0634
- Yoo KH, Kim YS, Sheen SS, Park JH, Hwang YI, KIM SH, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008. Respirology 2011;16:659-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01951.x
- Cazzola M, Bettoncelli G, Sessa E, Cricelli C, Biscione G. Prevalence of comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2010;80:112-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000281880
- Andre S, Conde B, Fragoso E, Boleo-Tome JP, Areias V, Cardoso J, et al. COPD and cardiovascular disease. Pulmonology 2019;25:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.09.006
- Sekine Y, Katsura H, Koh E, Hiroshima K, Fujisawa T. Early detection of COPD is important for lung cancer surveillance. Eur Respir J 2012;39:1230-40. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00126011
- Donohue JF, Maleki-Yazdi MR, Kilbride S, Mehta R, Kalberg C, Church A. Efficacy and safety of once-daily umeclidinium/vilanterol 62.5/25 mcg in COPD. Respir Med 2013;107:1538-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2013.06.001
- Novartis. Indacaterol prescribing information [Internet]. Silver Spring: FDA; 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 5]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/022383s009s010lbl.pdf.
- GlaxoSmithKline. Salmeterol prescribing information [Internet]. Brentford: GlaxoSmithKline; 2020 [cited 2022 Dec 5]. Available from: http://us.gsk.com/products/assets/us_serevent_diskus.pdf.
- Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright PL, Manfreda J; Lung Health Study Research Group. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:333-9. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2110093
- Halpin DM, Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Leimer I, Tashkin DP. Risk of nonlower respiratory serious adverse events following COPD exacerbations in the 4-year UPLIFT trial. Lung 2011;189:261-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-011-9301-8
- Forey BA, Thornton AJ, Lee PN. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. BMC Pulm Med 2011;11:36.
- Morgan AD, Zakeri R, Quint JK. Defining the relationship between COPD and CVD: what are the implications for clinical practice? Ther Adv Respir Dis 2018;12:1753465817750524.
- Gershon A, Croxford R, Calzavara A, To T, Stanbrook MB, Upshur R, et al. Cardiovascular safety of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1175-85. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1016
- Ferguson GT, Maltais F, Karpel J, Bothner U, Kloer I, Trampisch M, et al. Long-term safety of tiotropium/olodaterol in older patients with moderate-to-very-severe COPD in the TONADO studies. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2020;30:53.
- Yeo J, Karimova G, Bansal S. Co-morbidity in older patients with COPD: its impact on health service utilisation and quality of life, a community study. Age Ageing 2006;35:33-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afj002