Nuclear Engineering and Technology

  • 제55권2호
  • /
  • Pages.640-647
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1738-5733(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-358X(eISSN)
한국원자력학회 (Korean Nuclear Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dependence of Na+ leakage on intrinsic properties of cation exchange resin in simulated secondary environment for nuclear power plants

  • Hyun Kyoung Ahn (Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Chi Hyun An (Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Byung Gi Park (Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • In Hyoung Rhee (Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 투고 : 2022.02.07
  • 심사 : 2022.10.16
  • 발행 : 2023.02.25
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Material corrosion in nuclear power plant (NPP) is not controlled only by amine injection but also by ion exchange (IX) which is the best option to remove trace Na+. This study was conducted to understand the Na+ leakage characteristics of IX beds packed with ethanolamine-form (ETAH-form) and hydrogen-form (H-form) resins in the simulated water-steam cycle in terms of intrinsic behaviors of four kinds of cation-exchange resins through ASTM test and Vanselow mass action modeling. Na+ was inappreciably escaped throughout the channel created in resin layer. Na+ leakage from IX bed was non-linearly raised because of its decreasing selectivity with increasing Na+ capture and with increasing the fraction of ETAH-form resin. Na+ did not reach the breakthrough earlier than ETAH+ and NH4+ due to the increased selectivity of Na+ to the cation-exchange resin (H+ < ETAH+ < NH4+ ≪ Na+) at the feed composition. Na+ leakage from the resin bed filled with small particles was decreased due to the enhanced dynamic IX processes, regardless of its low selectivity. Thus, the particle size is a predominant factor among intrinsic properties of IX resin to reduce Na+ leakage from the condensate polishing plant (CPP) in NPPs.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by Soonchunhyang University, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Central Research Institute (Grant No. L17S099001) and Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (Grant No. 20184030202130).

참고문헌

  1. K. Fruzzetti, Pressurized water reactor secondary water chemistry guideline, EPRI, Revision 6 (2006), 2-1-2-3. 
  2. T. Fukumura, K. Arioka, Influence of ETA injection on flow accelerated corrosion of PWR secondary system, in: NACE Corrosion 2009 International Conference & Expo, NACE, U.S.A., 2009. March 22-26. 
  3. C. Marks, Amine effect on corrosion product transports and steam generator fouling, in: Steam Generator Management Program 2010 Steam Generator Secondary Side Management Conference, EPRI, U.S.A., 2010. March 2-4. 
  4. I.H. Rhee, Selection parameters for secondary pH control agent in PWR, in: Steam Generator Management Program 2010 Steam Generator Secondary Side Management Conference, EPRI, U.S.A., 2010. March 2-4. 
  5. I.H. Rhee, Water quality of NPP secondary side with combined water chemistry of ammonia and ethanolamine, in: International Conference NPC, France, 23-28, 2012. September. 
  6. I.H. Rhee, H.J. Jung, D.C. Cho, Evaluation of pH control agents influencing on corrosion of carbon steel in secondary water chemistry condition of pressurized water reactor, NET 46 (2014) 431-438.  https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.09.2013.076
  7. Y.B. Lee, J.M. Lee, D.H. Hur, J.H. Lee, S.H. Jeon, Effects of advanced amines on magnetite deposition of steam generator tubes in secondary system, Coatings 514 (2021) 1-19. 
  8. H.K. Ahn, Y.S. Kim, B.G. Park, I.H. Rhee, A study on breakthrough characteristics of ion exchange bed with H- and ETAH-form resins for cation exchange in NH3 and ETA solution including trace NaCl, J. Kor. Soc. Water Wastewater 35 (2021) 533-544.  https://doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2021.35.6.533
  9. W. Bashir, E. Tyrrell, O. Feeney, B. Paull, Retention of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals on an itaconic acid cation-exchange column: eluent pH, ionic strength and temperature effects upon selectivity, J. Chromatogr A 964 (2002) 113-122.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00652-0
  10. M.B. Richard, K. Jacek, Ion exchange selectivity and electrolyte concentration, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 (1974) 70, 2080-2091.  https://doi.org/10.1039/f19747002080
  11. ASTM, Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins1, 2017. ASTM D2187-17. 
  12. I.H. Rhee, D.A. Dzombak, Binary and ternary cation exchange on strong acid cation exchange resin involving Na, Mg, and Zn in single and binary backgrounds of chloride, perchlorate, and sulfate, Langmuir 15 (1999) 6875-6883.  https://doi.org/10.1021/la970031g
  13. F.P. Reinhard, Utilization and practical application of ion exchange, A critical review, in: 14th Annual AESF/EPA Conference on Environmental Control for the Surface Finishing Industry, 26-28, EPA, U.S.A., 1993. January. 
  14. I. Curran Woodard, Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook, second ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. 
  15. B.S. Salem, A.S. Asli, O. Ahmet, Fixed-bed ion exchange columns operating under non-equilibrium conditions: estimation of mass transfer properties via non-equilibrium modeling, React. Funct. Polym. 67 (12) (2007) 1540-1547.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.040
  16. E.L. Alfredo, Diffusion in Ion-Exchange Resins, Ph.D dissertation, University of London, U.K, 1960. 
  17. K.P. Sudhir, Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Modeling for Divalent Ions in a Ternary System, Ph.D dissertation, Andhra University, India, 1992. 
  18. A.N. Valentina, About mathematical modeling and calculation of dynamic ion-exchange processes on natural zeolites, in: Handbook of Natural Zeolites, Bentham Science Pub, 2012, pp. 452-472. 
  19. V.H. Fabiola, G. Francielle, C.S. Joao, Antonio Augusto U. de Souza, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza, Vitor J.P. Vilar, Ion-exchange breakthrough curves for single and multi-metal systems using marine macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata as a natural cation exchanger, Chem. Eng. J. 269 (2015) 359-370.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.127
  20. J. Yi, L.F. Gary, True multi-component mixed-bed ion-exchange modeling, React. Funct. Polym. 60 (2004) 121-135.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.02.017
  21. S. Fisher, F.X. McGarvey, Ion Exchange Technology in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986, pp. 9-52. IAEA-TECDOC-365.