Acknowledgement
The authors appreciate the statistical advice regarding statistics provided by the Medical Research Collaborating Center at the Seoul National University Hospital. The authors also appreciate Ms. Seong Yeong Lee, Mrs. Chanrim Park, and Mrs. Gyungyhye Jung for their help with data analysis, table and figure preparation.
References
- Sanai N, Mirzadeh Z, Berger MS. Functional outcome after language mapping for glioma resection. N Engl J Med 2008;358:18-27 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067819
- Vassal F, Schneider F, Boutet C, Jean B, Sontheimer A, Lemaire JJ. Combined DTI tractography and functional MRI study of the language connectome in healthy volunteers: extensive mapping of white matter fascicles and cortical activations. PloS One 2016;11:e0152614
- Costabile JD, Alaswad E, D'Souza S, Thompson JA, Ormond DR. Current applications of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in intracranial tumor resection. Front Oncol 2019;9:426
- Weng HH, Noll KR, Johnson JM, Prabhu SS, Tsai YH, Chang SW, et al. Accuracy of presurgical functional MR imaging for language mapping of brain tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology 2018;286:512-523 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017162971
- Bizzi A, Blasi V, Falini A, Ferroli P, Cadioli M, Danesi U, et al. Presurgical functional MR imaging of language and motor functions: validation with intraoperative electrocortical mapping. Radiology 2008;248:579-589 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2482071214
- Hill VB, Cankurtaran CZ, Liu BP, Hijaz TA, Naidich M, Nemeth AJ, et al. A practical review of functional MRI anatomy of the language and motor systems. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019;40:1084-1090 https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6089
- Smits M, Jiskoot LC, Papma JM. White matter tracts of speech and language. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2014;35:504-516 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2014.06.008
- Yamao Y, Matsumoto R, Kunieda T, Arakawa Y, Kobayashi K, Usami K, et al. Intraoperative dorsal language network mapping by using single-pulse electrical stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2014;35:4345-4361 https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22479
- Yamao Y, Suzuki K, Kunieda T, Matsumoto R, Arakawa Y, Nakae T, et al. Clinical impact of intraoperative CCEP monitoring in evaluating the dorsal language white matter pathway. Hum Brain Mapp 2017;38:1977-1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23498
- Spena G, Nava A, Cassini F, Pepoli A, Bruno M, D'Agata F, et al. Preoperative and intraoperative brain mapping for the resection of eloquent-area tumors. A prospective analysis of methodology, correlation, and usefulness based on clinical outcomes. Acta Neurochir 2010;152:1835-1846 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-010-0764-9
- Setsompop K, Cohen-Adad J, Gagoski BA, Raij T, Yendiki A, Keil B, et al. Improving diffusion MRI using simultaneous multi-slice echo planar imaging. Neuroimage 2012;63:569-580 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.033
- Feinberg DA, Setsompop K. Ultra-fast MRI of the human brain with simultaneous multi-slice imaging. J Magn Reson 2013;229:90-100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.002
- Xu J, Moeller S, Auerbach EJ, Strupp J, Smith SM, Feinberg DA, et al. Evaluation of slice accelerations using multiband echo planar imaging at 3 T. Neuroimage 2013;83:991-1001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.055
- Matsumoto R, Nair DR, LaPresto E, Najm I, Bingaman W, Shibasaki H, et al. Functional connectivity in the human language system: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study. Brain 2004;127(Pt 10):2316-2330 https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh246
- Kim KM, Kim SM, Kang H, Ji SY, Dho YS, Choi YD, et al. Preservation of language function by mapping the arcuate fasciculus using intraoperative corticocortical evoked potential under general anesthesia in glioma surgery. J Neurosurg 2022;137:1535-1543 https://doi.org/10.3171/2022.1.JNS212658
- Saito T, Tamura M, Muragaki Y, Maruyama T, Kubota Y, Fukuchi S, et al. Intraoperative cortico-cortical evoked potentials for the evaluation of language function during brain tumor resection: initial experience with 13 cases. J Neurosurg 2014;121:827-838 https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.4.JNS131195
- Binder JR. fMRI of language systems: methods and applications. In: Faro S, Mohamed F, Law M, Ulmer J, eds. Functional neuroradiology. Boston: Springer, 2011:393-417
- Zaca D, Jarso S, Pillai JJ. Role of semantic paradigms for optimization of language mapping in clinical FMRI studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:1966-1971 https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3628
- Voyvodic JT. Reproducibility of single-subject fMRI language mapping with AMPLE normalization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012;36:569-580 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23686
- Mori S, Crain BJ, Chacko VP, van Zijl PC. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1999;45:265-269 https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<265::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-3
- Mori S, van Zijl PC. Fiber tracking: principles and strategies -a technical review. NMR Biomed 2002;15(7-8):468-480 https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.781
- Duffau H, Peggy Gatignol ST, Mandonnet E, Capelle L, Taillandier L. Intraoperative subcortical stimulation mapping of language pathways in a consecutive series of 115 patients with Grade II glioma in the left dominant hemisphere. J Neurosurg 2008;109:461-471 https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS/2008/109/9/0461
- Meier M, Ilmberger J, Fesl G, Ruge MI. Validation of functional motor and language MRI with direct cortical stimulation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013;155:675-683 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-013-1624-1
- Roux FE, Boulanouar K, Lotterie JA, Mejdoubi M, LeSage JP, Berry I. Language functional magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative assessment of language areas: correlation with direct cortical stimulation. Neurosurgery 2003;52:1335-1347 https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000064803.05077.40
- Castellano A, Cirillo S, Bello L, Riva M, Falini A. Functional MRI for surgery of gliomas. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017;19:34
- Bello L, Gambini A, Castellano A, Carrabba G, Acerbi F, Fava E, et al. Motor and language DTI Fiber Tracking combined with intraoperative subcortical mapping for surgical removal of gliomas. Neuroimage 2008;39:369-382 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.031
- Leclercq D, Duffau H, Delmaire C, Capelle L, Gatignol P, Ducros M, et al. Comparison of diffusion tensor imaging tractography of language tracts and intraoperative subcortical stimulations. J Neurosurg 2010;112:503-511 https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.JNS09558
- Morales H. Current and future challenges of functional MRI and diffusion tractography in the surgical setting: from eloquent brain mapping to neural plasticity. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2021;42:474-489 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2021.07.005
- Pernet CR, Gorgolewski KJ, Job D, Rodriguez D, Storkey A, Whittle I, et al. Evaluation of a pre-surgical functional MRI workflow: from data acquisition to reporting. Int J Med Inform 2016;86:37-42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.11.014
- Ille S, Sollmann N, Hauck T, Maurer S, Tanigawa N, Obermueller T, et al. Impairment of preoperative language mapping by lesion location: a functional magnetic resonance imaging, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, and direct cortical stimulation study. J Neurosurg 2015;123:314-324 https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.JNS141582
- Kuchcinski G, Mellerio C, Pallud J, Dezamis E, Turc G, Rigaux- Viode O, et al. Three-tesla functional MR language mapping: comparison with direct cortical stimulation in gliomas. Neurology 2015;84:560-568 https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001226
- Trinh VT, Fahim DK, Maldaun MV, Shah K, McCutcheon IE, Rao G, et al. Impact of preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging during awake craniotomy procedures for intraoperative guidance and complication avoidance. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2014;92:315-322 https://doi.org/10.1159/000365224