Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제86권2호
  • /
  • Pages.277-290
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Behavior factors for mixed reinforced concrete wall and buckling restrained braced frame

  • Hamid Beiraghi (Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Behdad Abbaspour (Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University)
  • 투고 : 2021.08.12
  • 심사 : 2023.02.21
  • 발행 : 2023.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

A supplementary reinforced concrete wall can be used to improve the seismic behavior of a buckling restrained braced frame as a mixed system. In such a novel system, the total lateral force is resisted by the combination of the RC wall system and the BRBF. There is not enough research on the response modification factor of such a mixed system. This paper investigates the response modification factor, and such relevant factors as ductility reduction factor and over strength factor for a system consisting of reinforced concrete wall and buckling restrained braced frame. To this purpose, nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis as well as static push over analysis are used for 6- to 14-story sample structures. The results show that for mixed considered systems, the mean value of response modification factor varies approximately from 7 to 9.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abdollahzadeh, G. and Banihashemi, M. (2013), "Response modification factor of dual moment-resistant frame with buckling restrained brace (BRB)", Steel Compos. Struct., 14(6), 621-636. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.14.6.621. 
  2. AISC (2010), Seismic Provision for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, USA. 
  3. Akbarzadeh, B.H. and Mohammadalipour, A.R. (2016), "Performance based evaluation of RC coupled shear wall system with steel coupling beam", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(2), 337-355. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.2.337. 
  4. Ariyaratana, C.A. and Fahnestock, L.A. (2011), "Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength", Eng. Struct., 33(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.020. 
  5. ASCE/SEI 7 (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, Chicago, USA. 
  6. Asgarian, B. and Shokrgozar, H.R. (2009), "BRBF response modification factor", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(1), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.08.002. 
  7. ATC-19 (1995), Structural Response Modification Factors, ATC-19, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, USA. 
  8. ATC-34 (1995), A Critical Review of Current Approaches to Earthquake-Resistant Design, ATC-34, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, USA. 
  9. ATC-72 (2010), Applied Technology Council ATC-72: Modeling and Acceptance Criteria for Seismic Design and Analysis of Tall Buildings, ATC, Redwood City, CA, USA. 
  10. Beiraghi, H. (2018), "Reinforced concrete core-walls connected by a bridge with buckling restrained braces subjected to seismic loads", Earthq. Struct., 15(2), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.12989/sceass.2018.15.2.203. 
  11. BHRC (2014), Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistance Design of Buildings: Standard No. 2800, 4th Edition, Building and Housing Research Center. 
  12. Bosco, M. and Marino, E.M. (2013), "Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(8), 1243-1263. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2269. 
  13. CEN EC8 (2004), Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium. 
  14. Chopra, A.K. (2001), Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. 
  15. Di Sarno, L. and Manfredi, G. (2012), "Experimental tests on full-scale RC unretrofitted frame and retrofitted with buckling-restrained braces", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(1), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1131. 
  16. Drysdale, R. and Hamid, A. (2008), Masonry Structures-Behaviour and Design, 1st Canadian Ed., Canada Masonry Design Centre, Mississauga, Ont. 
  17. Erochko, J., Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R. and Choi, H. (2011), "Residual drift response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in steel buildings designed according to ASCE 7-05", J. Struct. Eng., 137(5), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000296. 
  18. Eskandari, R. and Vafaei, D. (2015), "Effects of near-fault records characteristics on seismic performance of eccentrically braced frames", Struct. Eng. Mech., 56(5), 855-870. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.56.5.855. 
  19. Fahnestock, L.A., Ricles, J.M. and Sause, R. (2007a), "Experimental evaluation of a large-scale buckling-restrained braced frame", J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1205). 
  20. Fahnestock, L.A., Sause, R. and Ricles, J.M. (2007b), "Seismic response and performance of buckling-restrained braced frames", J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1195-1204. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1195). 
  21. Fanaie, N. and Afsar Dizaj, E. (2014), "Response modification factor of the frames braced with reduced yielding segment BRB", Struct. Eng. Mech., 50(1), 1-17. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.50.1.001. 
  22. Fanaie, N. and Ezzatshoar, S. (2014), "Studying the seismic behavior of gate braced frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)", J. Constr. Steel Res., 99, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.008. 
  23. Farghaly, A.A. (2013), "Parametric study on equivalent damping ratio of different composite structural building systems", Steel Compos. Struct., 14(4), 349-365. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2013.14.4.349. 
  24. FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA. 
  25. FEMA P695 (2009), Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors (ATC-63 Project), Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C. 
  26. Ghodsi, T., Ruiz, J.F., Massie, C. and Chen, Y. (2010), "Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER)/seismic safety commission tall building design case study", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 19(2), 197-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.542. 
  27. Guneyisi, E.M. and Ameen, N. (2014), "Structural behavior of conventional and buckling restrained braced frames subjected to near-field ground motions", Earthq. Struct., 7(4), 553-570. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.4.553. 
  28. Huang, Y. H., Wada, A., Sugihara, H., Narikawa, M., Takeuchi, T. and Iwata, M. (2000), "Seismic performance of moment-resistant steel frame with hysteretic damper, behavior of steel structures in seismic areas", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference STESSA 2000, Montreal, Canada. 
  29. Iwata, M., Kato, T. and Wada, A. (2003), "Performance evaluation of buckling-restrained braces in damage-controlled structures, behavior of steel structures in seismic areas", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference STESSA 2003, Naples, Italy. 
  30. Jones, P. and Zareian, F. (2013), "Seismic response of a 40-storey buckling-restrained braced frame designed for the Los Angeles region", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 22(3), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.687. 
  31. Karavasilis, T.L., Kerawala, S. and Hale, E. (2012), "Hysteretic model for steel energy dissipation devices and evaluation of a minimal-damage seismic design approach for steel buildings", J. Constr. Steel Res., 70, 358-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.10.010. 
  32. Kiggins, S. and Uang, C.M. (2006), "Reducing residual drift of buckling-restrained braced frames as a dual system", Eng. Struct., 28(1), 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.023. 
  33. Kim, J., Park, J. and Kim, S. (2009), "Seismic behavior factors of buckling restrained braced frames", Struct. Eng. Mech., 33(3), 261-284. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2009.33.3.261. 
  34. Kontoni, D.P.N. and Farghaly, A.A. (2016), "The effect of base isolation and tuned mass dampers on the seismic response of RC high-rise buildings considering soil-structure interaction", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(4), 425-434. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.17.4.425. 
  35. LATBSDC (2011), An Alternative Procedure For Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council. 
  36. Leger, P. and Dussault S. (1992), "Seismic-energy dissipation in MDOF structures", J. Struct. Eng., 118(5), 1251-1269. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:5(1251). 
  37. Li, J., Zhou, H. and Ding, Y. (2018), "Stochastic seismic collapse and reliability assessment of high-rise reinforced concrete structures", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 27(2), e1417. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1417. 
  38. Mahmoudi, M. and Zaree, M. (2010), "Evaluating response modification factors of concentrically braced steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66, 1196-1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.04.004. 
  39. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804). 
  40. Merritt, S., Uang, C.M. and Benzoni, G. (2003.), "Subassemblage testing of star seismic buckling restrained braces", TR-2003/04, La Jolla, Univ. of California at San Diego, USA. 
  41. MHUD (2006), Iranian National Building Code, Part 10, Steel Structure Design, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran. 
  42. MHUD (2006), Iranian National Building Code, Part 9, Concrete Structure Design, Tehran, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran. 
  43. Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2002), "Calibration of force reduction factors of RC buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 6(22), 239-73.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460209350416
  44. Nguyen, A.H., Chintanapakdee, C. and Hayashikawa, T. (2010), "Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings", J. Constr. Steel Res., 66(8-9), 1118-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.03.001. 
  45. NIST (2015), Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames: A Guide for Practicing Engineers, GCR 15-917-34, NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. 11, The Applied Technology Council and the Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. 
  46. Orakcal, K. and Wallace, J.W. (2006), "Flexural modeling of reinforced concrete walls-experimental verification", ACI Struct. J., 103(2), 196-206.  https://doi.org/10.14359/15177
  47. Palmer, K.D., Christopulos, A.S., Lehman, D.E. and Roeder, C.W. (2014), "Experimental evaluation of cyclically loaded, largescale, planar and 3-d buckling-restrained braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 101(1), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.06.008. 
  48. Park, R. and Paulay, R. (1975), Reinforced Concrete Structures, Wiley, New York. 
  49. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, Wiley, New York. 
  50. PERFORM-3D (2006), Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures. V.4, User Guide, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA. 
  51. PERFORM-3D (2011), Nonlinear Analysis and Performance Assessment for 3D Structures, V.4.0.3, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA. 
  52. Pnevmatikos, N.G., Blachowski, B. and Papavasileiou, G.S. (2019), "Damage detection of mixed concrete/steel frame subjected to earthquake excitation", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2019), June. 
  53. Pnevmatikos, N.G., Papagiannopoulos, G.A. and Papavasileiou, G.S. (2019), "Fragility curves for mixed concrete/steel frames subjected to seismic excitation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 116, 709-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.037. 
  54. Powell, G. (2007), "Detailed example of a tall shear wall building using CSI's Perform 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis", Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA. 
  55. Saad, G., Najjar, S.S. and Saddik, F. (2016), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with underground stories", Earthq. Struct., 10(4), 965-988. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.4.965. 
  56. Sabelli, R. (2001), "Research on improving the design and analysis of earthquake-resistant steel braced frames", The 2000 NEHRP Professional Fellowship Report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA. 
  57. Sabelli, R., Mahin, S. and Chang, C. (2003), "Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces", Eng. Struct., 25(1), 655-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X. 
  58. Sahoo, D.R. and Chao S. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design method for buckling-restrained braced frames", Eng. Struct., 32, 2950-2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.014. 
  59. Schmidt, B.J. and Bartlett, F.M. (2002), "Review of resistance factor for steel: Resistance distributions and resistance factor calibration", Can. J. Civil Eng., 29(1), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1139/l01-082. 
  60. Thomsen, J.H. and Wallace, J.W. (2004), "Experimental verification of displacement-based design procedures for slender reinforced concrete structural walls", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 130(4), 618-630.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:4(618)
  61. Tsai, K.C. and Hsiao, P.C. (2008), "Pseudo-dynamic test of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-Part II: Seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces and connections", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(1), 1099-1115. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.803. 
  62. Tsai, K.C., Hsiao, P.C., Wang, K.J., Weng, Y.T., Lin, M.L., Lin, K.C., Chen, C.H., Lai, J.W. and Lin, S.L. (2008), "Pseudo-dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame-Part I: Specimen design, experiment and analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(1), 1081-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.804. 
  63. Uang, C.M. (1991), "Establishing R (or Rw) and Cd factor for building seismic provision", J. Struct. Eng., 117(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:1(19). 
  64. Ucar, T. (2020), "Computing input energy response of MDOF systems to actual ground motions based on modal contributions", Earthq. Struct., 18(2), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.12989/sceass.2020.18.2.263. 
  65. Uriz, P. and Mahin, S.A. (2008), "Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures", PEER 2008/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 
  66. Vafaei, D. and Eskandari, R. (2014), "Seismic response of mega buckling-restrained braces subjected to fling-step and forward-directivity near-fault ground motions", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 24(9), 672-686. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1205. 
  67. Vafaei, D., Shemshadian, M.E. and Zahrai, S.M. (2010). "Seismic behavior of BRB frames under near fault excitations", 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July. 
  68. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141. 
  69. Watanabe, A. (1992), "Development of composite brace with a large ductility", Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Workshop on Composite and Hybrid Structures, Berkeley, CA, September. 
  70. Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A. and Fujimoto, M. (1988), "Properties of brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube", Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan. 
  71. Wongpakdee, N., Leelataviwat, S., Goel, S.C. and Liao, W. (2014), "Performance-based design and collapse evaluation of Buckling Restrained Knee Braced Truss Moment Frames", Eng. Struct., 60(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.12.014. 
  72. Zhang, C., Alam, Z. and Samali, B. (2016), "Evaluating contradictory relationship between floor rotation and torsional irregularity coefficient under varying orientations of ground motion", Earthq. Struct., 11(6), 1027-1041. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.6.1027. 
  73. Zhang, C., Alam, Z., Sun, L., Su, Z. and Samali, B. (2019), "Fibre Bragg grating sensor-based damage response monitoring of an asymmetric reinforced concrete shear wall structure subjected to progressive seismic loads", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 26(3), e2307. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2307. 
  74. Zhou, H. and Li, J. (2019), "Comparison study of two criteria for identification of structural dynamic stability", Sci. Chin. Technol. Sci., 62(5), 856-867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017. 
  75. Zhou, H., Li, J. and Ren, X. (2016), "Multiscale stochastic structural analysis toward reliability assessment for large complex reinforced concrete structures", Int. J. Multisc. Comput. Eng., 14(3), 303-321. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001618.