Imaging Science in Dentistry

Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (대한영상치의학회)
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Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the root canal anatomy of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population

  • Jessica Cecilia Almeida (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Amanda Pelegrin Candemil (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Gunther Ricardo Bertolini (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Antonio Miranda Cruz-Filho (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Manoel Damiao Sousa-Neto (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo) ;
  • Ricardo Gariba Silva (Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo)
  • Received : 2022.11.22
  • Accepted : 2023.01.11
  • Published : 2023.03.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated anatomical variations in the root canals of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In total, 121 CBCT images of patients were selected from a database. All images contained lower first and second premolars and molars on both sides of the arch, fully developed roots, and no treatment, resorption, or calcifications. In each image, the root canals of the lower premolars and molars were evaluated according to the Vertucci classification in On-Demand 3D software in the multiplanar reconstruction with dynamic navigation. Twenty-five percent of the images were re-assessed to analyze intraobserver confidence with the kappa test. Data were statistically evaluated with linear regression to evaluate the correlations of anatomic variations with age and sex, and the Wilcoxon test to analyze the laterality of variations, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The intraobserver agreement (0.94) was excellent. In general, the root canals of lower premolars and molars showed a higher prevalence of type I than other Vertucci classification types, followed by type V in premolars and type II in molars. When the molar roots were evaluated separately, type II was more frequent in mesial roots and type I in distal roots. Although age showed no correlations with the results, sex and laterality showed correlations with tooth 45 and the lower second premolars, respectively. Conclusion: The lower premolars and molars of a Brazilian sub-population showed a wide range of root canal anatomic variations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from CAPES Brazil, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (33002029032P4); CNPq, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (156182/2020-6) and FAPESP, The São Paulo Research Foundation (2018/14450-1 and 2021/01623-8).

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