DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Consumer Acceptance of Cashierless Fashion Stores -Effect of Store Attributes and the Moderating Role of Consumer Technical Readiness-

무인패션점포 수용 - 점포속성의 영향과 소비자 기술준비도의 조절효과 -

  • Soyun Park (Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Soo-kyoung Ahn (Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2022.12.02
  • Accepted : 2023.01.19
  • Published : 2023.02.28

Abstract

With the proliferation of the "Untact" culture (non-face-to-face society), advanced technologies have accelerated the cashierless systems in the retail context. Cashierless fashion stores are expected to grow rapidly in the same way automated convenience stores grew in popularity. Applying the extended technology acceptance theory, this study aims to investigate how the attributes of cashierless fashion store influence consumers' acceptance of it and to examine how consumer's technology readiness moderates the model. Two online surveys-preliminary and secondary-were conducted to collect data from consumers in their 20s and 30s who had experienced cashierless stores over the past year. To analyze a total of 423 responses, this study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, a multi-group factor analysis, a multi-group structure equation modeling, and a descriptive analysis. The results demonstrate that convenience, trustworthiness, and price had a positive impact on perceived ease of use, while service quality had a negative one. Enjoyment, convenience, trustworthiness, and price positively influenced perceived usefulness. Both perceived ease of use and usefulness increased the intention to use. Furthermore, the multi-group comparison confirmed that the positive dimensions of consumer's technology readiness played a moderating role in the model. This study provides a research foundation for consumer acceptance of technologically advanced stores and offers practical implications to companies planning cashierless fashion stores.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. K. (2017). Exploring interpersonal trust online. Journal of Fashion Business, 21(6), 31-46. doi:10.12940/jfb.2017.21.6.31
  2. Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644-656. doi:10.1086/209376
  3. Chai, B. Y., & Choi, J. W. (2018). An empirical study on the relationship between online shopping mall characteristics and consumers' repurchase intention - Focused on Chinese consumers involved in overseas direct purchasing. The e-Business Studies, 19(5), 77-98. doi:10.20462/TeBS.2018.10.19.5.77
  4. Chai, B. Y., Zhu, Y. X., & Choi, J. W. (2018). An empirical study on the effect of introvert and extrovert characteristics of online shopping malls on the consumer confidence - Focused on Chinese consumers involved in overseas direct purchasing. International Commerce and Information Review, 20(4), 49-76.
  5. Chae, H., Choi, H., Jang, J., & Ko, E. (2012). The influence of popup store attributions toward brand attitude and revisiting intention - Focus on sports brands. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 14(3), 400-412. doi:10.5805/KSCI.2012.14.3.400
  6. Chang, Y. W., & Chen, J. (2021). What motivates customers to shop in smart shops? The impacts of smart technology and technology readiness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102325. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102325
  7. Cheon, H. M. (2018). The impact of unattended store service characteristics on intelligent service value - Focusing on the moderating effects of unattended store spreading expectation. Journal of Distribution and Management Research, 21(6), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.17961/JDMR.21.6.201812.99
  8. Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  9. Choi, J. E., Yoo, D. H., & Cho, S. H. (2014). The effect of technology readiness gap by tourists' age and risk perception on their mobile tourism app use intention. Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, 26(4), 387-405.
  10. Choi, S., & Yun, J. (2021). A Comparative study on Korean user experience of unmanned convenience store types. Journal of Korea Design Forum, 26(1), 172-192. doi:10.21326/ksdt.2021.26.1.016
  11. Chtourou, M. S., & Souiden, N. (2010). Rethinking the TAM model - Time to consider fun. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(4), 336-344. doi:10.1108/07363761011052378
  12. Chung, I. G., Sun, Z., & Yoon, S. (2020). A study on the customer's intention to accept the innovative products - Focused on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Value-Based Acceptance Model (VAM). Journal of Marketing Management Research, 25(4), 89-121. doi:10.37202/KMMR.2020.25.4.89
  13. Chung, Y., & Jang, E. (2012). The effects of the store attributes and relationship quality on the conversion intent of fashion store - Focused on Internet shopping mall and local store. Journal of Fashion Business, 16(4), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.12940/jfb.2012.16.4.075
  14. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. doi:10.2307/249008
  15. Denuwara, N., Maijala, J., & Hakovirta, M. (2021). The impact of unmanned stores' business models on sustainability. SN Business & Economics, 1(10), 1-27. doi:10.1007/s43546-021-00136-8
  16. Featherman, M. S., Miyazaki, A. D., & Sprott, D. E. (2010). Reducing online privacy risk to facilitate e-service adoption: the influence of perceived ease of use and corporate credibility. Journal of Services Marketing, 24(3), 219-229. doi:10.1108/08876041011040622
  17. Gazzola, P., Grechi, D., Martinelli, I., & Pezzetti, R. (2022). The innovation of the cashierless store - A preliminary analysis in Italy. Sustainability, 14(4), 2034. doi:10.3390/su14042034
  18. Han, S. U., Han, K. S., Kwon, T. H., Koh, I., & Ahn, Y. J. (2020). An empirical study on the effect of unmanned store kiosk management quality on sustainable use intention. Journal of Digital Contents Society, 21(4), 761-770. doi:10.9728/dcs.2020.21.4.761
  19. Hur, H. J., & Lee, H. (2021). Augmented Reality(AR) fashion shopping service acceptance based on consumers' technology readiness. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 23(3), 347-357. https://doi.org/10.5805/SFTI.2021.23.3.347
  20. Jun, J., & Lee, T. (2004). The relationship between store images and store loyalty - A comparison of online and offline. Journal of Channel and Retailing, 9(3), 1-20.
  21. Jung, E., & Kim, J. (2020). The effect of users' fatigue and annoyance on pleasure, resistance, repurchase intention in the integrated distribution channel context. Korea Logistics Review, 30(2), 23-39. doi:10.17825/klr.2020.30.2.23
  22. Jung, E., Kim, Y., & Yang, H. (2021). The Effect of augmented reality technology perception on fashion product purchase intention according to technology readiness. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 71(2), 126-141. doi:10.7233/jksc.2021.71.2.126
  23. Jung, S. I., & Park, J. Y. (2019). The technology acceptance model on vein recognition payment and unmanned store. Journal of Channel and Retailing, 24(1), 73-96. doi:10.17657/jcr.2019.1.31.4
  24. Kang, J. H. (2018). A study on consumer acceptance intention of unmanned order payment systems of foodservice companies - Targeted on chatbots and digital kiosks. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 32(1), 153-168. doi:10.21298/IJTHR.2018.01.32.1.153
  25. Kang, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Effect of servicescape on customer behavior intention in unmanned stores. The Journal of Information Systems, 31(1), 91-113. doi:10.5859/KAIS.2022.31.1.91
  26. Kang, S. C., Han, K. S., & Jeon, W. J. (2018). An analysis on effect of use intention of mean automated store customer - Focused on franchisee. Journal of Digital Contents Society, 19(7), 1313-1322. doi:10.9728/dcs.2018.19.7.1313
  27. Kim, G. E., & Lee, E. J. (2016). The impact of benefit sought on store attributes and brand loyalty of children's clothing line in global SPA brands. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 66(3), 121-134. doi:10.7233/jksc.2016.66.3.121
  28. Kim, H. (2018). A Study on the effect of perceived online shopping mall attribute on trust, commitment, purchasing intention. Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information, 23(9), 123-132. doi:10.9708/jksci.2018.23.09.123
  29. Kim, H., & Kang, S. (2021). The effect of consumer technology readiness on the use intentions of unmanned stores in the nonface-to-face era. Culture and Convergence, 43(11), doi:10.33645/cnc.2021.11.43.11.665
  30. Kim, J., & Jung, Y. (2021). The influence of the environmental characteristics of unmanned convenience stores and the personal characteristics of customers on emotional experience, affectively based satisfaction, and loyalty. Journal of Channel and Retailing, 26(3), 83-113. doi:10.17657/jcr.2021.07.31.4
  31. Kim, J. H., & Ahn, B. H. (2007). A means-end chain model for ecommerce users' personal values and attitude toward private information security. Korean Business Education Review, 48(1), 69-100.
  32. Kim, J. H., & Song, J. H. (2019). Exploring key factors affecting the success of high-tech retailers: 13 retail cases adopting AR (Augmented Reality) or VR (Virtual Reality) or AI (Artificial Intelligence) or automated store. The Academy of Customer Satisfaction Management, 21(3), 91-122. doi:10.34183/KCSMA.21.3.5
  33. Kim, K., & Shim, I. (2018). Consumers' perceived usefulness and receptiveness to high-tech convenient store. Journal of Consumption Culture, 21(4), 47-66. doi:10.17053/jcc.2018.21.4.003
  34. Kim, T. (2018). Predicting acceptance intention of sports wearable device based on Technology Readiness 2.0 and acceptance model. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 57(3), 193-204. doi:10.23949/kjpe.2018.05.57.3.15
  35. Kim, Y. R., & Moon, Y. E. (2018). An empirical research on psychological resistance factors of omni channel's unmanned order payment system. The Journal of Internet Electronic Commerce Research, 18(6), 1-19. doi:10.37272/JIECR.2018.12.18.6.1
  36. Kyung, J. (2019). A study on store attributes that cause crossover shopping of online and offline shopping malls. The e-Business Studies, 20(3), 85-104. doi:10.20462/TeBS.2019.6.20.3.85
  37. Kwon, Y. J., & Hong, B. (2006). The effect of discount store attributes and clothing product evaluation on store loyalty. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 30(7), 1066-1077.
  38. Lee, E. J., & Kim, S. I. (2019). Guideline for improvement of unmanned shopping experience - Focusing on Seven Eleven Signature. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(3), 389-394. doi:10.14400/JDC.2019.17.3.389
  39. Lee, I. (2021a). The effects of unmanned store selection factors on revisit intention: focusing on the mediating effect of perceived value. Journal of International Trade & Commerce, 17(6), 389-405. doi:10.16980/jitc.17.6.202112.389
  40. Lee, J. W. (2021b). A study on the effect of customer satisfaction, trust and relationship immersion on loyalty in unmanned store. The Academy of Customer Satisfaction Management, 23(2), 89-109. doi:10.34183/KCSMA.23.2.5
  41. Lee, J. W. (2021c). A study on the experience value, perceived benefits, and revisit intention of consumers using smart unmanned convenience stores. Journal of Distribution and Management Research, 24(3), 5-20. doi:10.17961/jdmr.24.03.202106.5
  42. Lee, J. A., & Lee, S. J. (2013). The Impacts of store attributes and shopping orientation on store patronage for the imported fashion multi-brand shop. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 63(7), 17-30. doi:10.7233/jksc.2013.63.7.017
  43. Lee, N., & Park, H. (2021). Key successful factors for unmanned convenience stores in the fourth industrial revolution: Case of EMart24 self-store. Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research, 26(2), 73-94. doi:10.9723/jksiis.2021.26.2.073
  44. Lee, S., & Lee, D. (2018). A study on ICT technology leading change of unmanned store. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 8(4), 109-114. doi:10.22156/CS4SMB.2018.8.4.109
  45. Lee, Y., & Ryu, M. H. (2019). Study on use intention of Chinese unmanned convenience stores by applying UTAUT and theory of experience economy - Verifying the moderating effect of reliability. Journal of Distribution and Management Research, 22(2), 5-15. doi:10.17961/jdmr.22.2.201904.5
  46. Moon, H. (2019). Multiple mediated effects of flow and attitude on the relation between technology readiness and behaviour intention toward TBSS. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Studies, 21(2), 165-179. doi:10.31667/jhts.2019.6.79.165
  47. Moon, J. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a WorldWide-Web context. Information & Management, 38(4), 217-230. doi:10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00061-6
  48. Oh, J. (2020). A study on consumers' intention to continue use of unmanned stores in the non-face-to-face era - Focusing on the moderating effect of COVID-19 social risk. Journal of Venture Innovation, 3(2), 1-2.
  49. Oh, J., Yoon, S., & Wu, Y. (2010). A Study on Factors of Intention toward Using Mobile Internet Service: Revised TRAM. Journal of Korea Service Management Society, 11(5), 127-148. https://doi.org/10.15706/jksms.2010.11.5.006
  50. Oh, Y. H., Kim, H., & Kim, J. G. (2018). Impact of service characteristics of mobile shopping mall on user satisfaction and customer loyalty. The Journal of Internet Electronic Commerce Research, 18(1), 227-244. doi:10.37272/JIECR.2018.02.18.1.227
  51. Parasuraman, A. (2000). Technology Readiness Index (TRI) a multipleitem scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. Journal of Service Research, 2(4), 307-320. doi:10.1177/10946705002400
  52. Parasuraman, A., & Colby, C. L. (2015). An updated and streamlined technology readiness index - TRI 2.0. Journal of Service Research, 18(1), 59-74. doi:10.1177/10946705145397
  53. Park, E., & Kim, Y. (2015). Effects of shopping orientation and store attributes on impulse buying behavior for cosmeceuticals. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 17(6), 932-941. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2015.17.6.932
  54. Park, S. K., & Park, Y. B. (2005). A study on the effects of e-store attributions on web site loyalty. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 15(1), 21-39.
  55. Paulins, V. A., & Geistfeld, L. V. (2003). The effect of consumer perceptions of store attributes on apparel store preference. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 7(4), 371-385. doi:10.1108/13612020310496967
  56. Ruiz, C., Falcao, J., Pan, S., Noh, H. Y., & Zhang, P. (2019). AIM3S - Autonomous inventory monitoring through multi-modal sensing for cashier-less convenience stores. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation, 135-144. doi:10.1145/3360322.3360834
  57. Ryou, E., & Ahn, S. (2019). The effect of consumer characteristics on mobile fashion shopping - Focusing on market mavenship, innovativeness, purchase experience. Journal of Fashion Business, 23(1), 89-102. doi:10.12940/jfb.2019.23.1.89
  58. Sakong, S. Y., & Park, K. (2000). Store attributes, personal characteristics and situations on store choice - Independent fashion specialty stores versus franchised chain stores. Family and Environment Research, 38(5), 25-40.
  59. Schogel, M., & Lienhard, S. D. (2020). Cashierless stores-the new way to the customer?. Marketing Review St. Gallen, 1, 888-897. Retrieved from November 10, 2022 from
  60. Seo, S. (2019). The effects of shopping value on the usage intention of unmanned fashion stores -Application of technology acceptance model. Journal of Fashion Business, 23(2), 140-155. doi:10.12940/jfb.2019.23.2.140
  61. Shim, H. S., & Han, S. L. (2012). Effects of TR and consumer readiness on SST usage motivation, attitude and intention. Asia Marketing Journal, 14(1), 25-51.
  62. Song, K. S. (2018). A study on factors of shopping mall structure affecting online consumer's shopping mall selection. The e-Business Studies, 19(6), 109-120. doi:10.20462/TeBS.2018.12.19.6.109
  63. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model - Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204. doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
  64. Wang, C. H., & Ha, S. (2011). Store attributes influencing relationship marketing: a study of department stores. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15(3), 326-344. doi:10.1108/13612021111151923
  65. Wu, H. Q., & Kim, M. S. (2014). The effects of store attributes on brand equity of and brand attitude toward Korean SPA brands. The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 22(4), 640-653. doi:10.7741/rjcc.2014.22.4.640
  66. Yoon, H. (2022, March 31). 현대百 '언커먼 스토어' 누적 방문객 10만명 돌파 [The total visitors to 'Uncommon Store' of Hyundai Department Store' surpass 100,000 mark]. Chosun Biz. Retrieved from November 10, 2022 from https://biz.chosun.com/distribution/channel/2022/03/31/6XIJ3VXUIJB57EWH53VPS2GJU4/
  67. You, J., & Park, C. (2010). A comprehensive review of technology acceptance model researches. Entrue Journal of Information Technology, 9(2), 31-50.