Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
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A Study on the Factors Affecting Urinary Paraben Concentration: An Analysis of the Third Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Data

뇨중 파라벤 농도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 제3기 국민환경보건기초조사 자료 분석

  • Jae-Min Kim (Department of Environmental Health Systems, Graduate School of the Korea National Open University) ;
  • Kyoung-Mu Lee (Department of Environmental Health Systems, Graduate School of the Korea National Open University)
  • 김재민 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 환경보건시스템학과) ;
  • 이경무 (한국방송통신대학교 대학원 환경보건시스템학과)
  • Received : 2023.01.11
  • Accepted : 2023.02.09
  • Published : 2023.02.28
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Abstract

Background: Paraben is a widely used substance with a preservative effect found in various materials such as food, medicine, personal care products, and cosmetics. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the level of urinary paraben concentrations (i.e., methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-) among Korean adults and to explore the factors related with the exposure levels. Methods: We analyzed the third period (2015~2017) of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). R statistical software (version 4.1.1) was used to estimate representative values for the whole population with weight variables to reflect sampling design. Whether urinary concentrations tended to increase as the level of paraben exposure-related characteristics increased was tested and Ptrend was calculated using general linear models. Results: Urinary concentrations of all three parabens (i.e., methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-) were higher in women than in men (Ptrend<0.0001, 0.008, and <0.0001), and the values of methylparaben and propylparaben tended to increase as the age of subjects increased (Ptrend<0.0001, and <0.0001). Urinary concentrations of methylparaben and propylparaben were associated with intensity of exercise (Ptrend<0.001, and 0.004), and that of propylparaben was higher in non-smokers (Ptrend=0.01). In terms of paraben exposure-related variables, urinary concentrations of parabens (i.e., methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-) increased as the daily average frequency of teeth-brushing (Ptrend<0.0001, 0.03 and 0.0001), the frequency of use of hair products (Ptrend=0.005, 0.05 and 0.04), the frequency of use of makeup products (Ptrend<0.001, 0.001 and <0.001), and the frequency of use of antibacterial products (Ptrend=0.005, 0.02 and 0.02) increased. Conclusions: In our study, urinary concentrations of all three parabens are associated with gender, teethbrushing, hair products, make-up products, and antibacterial products. Methyl- and proyl-parabens were associated with age and intensity of exercise, and propyl-paraben was associated with smoking.

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