Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

  • 제61권1호
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  • Pages.2-14
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  • 2023
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  • 2982-5164(pISSN)
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  • 1738-0006(eISSN)
대한기생충학·열대의학회 (The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine)
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Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia

  • Ik-Hwan Han (Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung-Hyun Kim (Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jae-Sook Ryu (Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2022.11.23
  • 심사 : 2023.01.04
  • 발행 : 2023.02.28
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초록

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis, a common nonviral sexually transmitted infection. T. vaginalis infection is asymptomatic in most infected men but can lead to chronic infection. The inflammatory response to chronic T. vaginalis infection may contribute to prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, studies on the relationship between T. vaginalis infection and prostate diseases are scarce. In this review, we discuss evidence from our studies on the involvement of T. vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostate diseases, such as prostatitis and BPH. Studies of prostatitis have demonstrated that the attachment of T. vaginalis trophozoite to prostate epithelial cells (PECs) induces inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory cell migration, leading to prostatitis. T. vaginalis also causes pathological changes, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, acinar changes, interstitial fibrosis, and mast cell infiltration, in prostate tissues of infected rats. Thus, T. vaginalis is considered an infectious agent that triggers prostatitis. Meanwhile, studies of prostatic hyperplasia revealed that mast cells activated by T. vaginalis-infected prostate cells secreted inflammatory mediators, such as β-hexosaminidase and tryptase, which promoted proliferation of prostate stromal cell (PSC). Moreover, interleukin-6 produced by proliferating PSCs induced the multiplication of BPH-1 epithelial cells as a result of stromal-epithelial interaction, suggesting that the proliferation of T. vaginalis-infected prostate cells can be induced through crosstalk with mast cells. These collective findings suggest that T. vaginalis contributes to the progression of prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia by creating an inflammatory microenvironment involving PECs and PSCs.

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과제정보

We thank Min-Young Seo, Su-Jeong Lim, Na-Young Gu, Sang-Su Kim, Hyo-Yeoung Chung, Dr. Kyu-Shik Kim, Dr. Ik-Hwan Han, Dr. Jung-Hyun Kim, and the late Dr. Ki-Seok Jang for participating in the experiments. Also we would like to thank Professor Soon-Jung Park for revising this review.

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