Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Extending the OPRCB Seismic isolation system's governing equations of motion to 3D state and its application in multi-story buildings

  • M. Hosseini (Department of Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)) ;
  • S. Azhari (Department of Earthquake Engineering, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)) ;
  • R. Shafie Panah (Department of Earthquake Engineering, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES))
  • Received : 2021.12.31
  • Accepted : 2023.03.02
  • Published : 2023.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) are a low-cost, low-tech rolling-based isolating system, whose high efficiency has been shown in a previous study. However, seismic performance of OPRCB isolators has only been studied in the two-dimensional (2D) state so far. This is while their performance in the three-dimensional (3D) state differs from that of the 2D state, mainly since the vertical accelerations due to rollers' motion in their beds, simultaneously in two orthogonal horizontal directions, are added up and resulting in bigger vertical inertia forces and higher rolling resistance. In this study, first, Lagrange equations were used to derive the governing equations of motion of the OPRCB-isolated buildings in 3D. Then, some regular shear-type OPRCB-isolated buildings were considered subjected to three-component excitations of far- and near-source earthquakes, and their responses were compared to those of their fixed-base counterparts. Finally, the effects of more realistic modeling and analysis were examined by comparing the responses of isolated buildings in 2D and 3D states. Response histories were obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Nystrom method, considering the geometrical nonlinearity of isolators. Results reveal that utilizing the OPRCB isolators effectively reduces the acceleration response, however, depending on the system specifications and earthquake characteristics, the maximum responses of isolated buildings in the 3D state can be up to 40% higher than those in the 2D state.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, E.L. and Mahin, S.A. (2004), "An evaluation of bidirectional earthquake shaking on the provisions of the AASHTO guide specifications for seismic isolation design", Proceedings of 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, August.
  2. Butterworth, J.W. (2006), "Seismic response of a non-concentric rolling isolator system", Adv. Struct. Eng., 9(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1260%2F136943306776232918. https://doi.org/10.1260%2F136943306776232918
  3. Calhoun, S.J., Tehrani, M.H. and Harvey Jr, P.S. (2019), "On the performance of double rolling isolation systems", J. Sound Vib., 449, 330-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.02.030.
  4. Chen, P.C. and Wang, S.J. (2016), "Analytical simulation on seismic mitigation of raised floor systems using sloped rollingtype isolation devices and magnetorheological dampers", Transforming the Future of Infrastructure through Smarter Information: Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and ConstructionConstruction, 27-29 June 2016, ICE Publishing, London, UK.
  5. Cilsalar, H. and Constantinou, M.C. (2019), "Behavior of a spherical deformable rolling seismic isolator for lightweight residential construction", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 17(7), 4321-4345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00626-z.
  6. Ding, L. and Wang, T. (2013), "Study on mechanical properties of bidirectional rolling base isolation bearings", Proceedings of the Thirteenth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC-13), Sapporo, Japan, September.
  7. Ghaffarzadeh, H., Younespour, A. and Cheng, S. (2020), "Design of a tuned mass damper for damped structures using an orthogonal-function-based equivalent linearization method", Struct., 28, 2605-2616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.10.069.
  8. Harvey Jr, P.S. and Gavin, H.P. (2014), "Double rolling isolation systems: A mathematical model and experimental validation", Int. J. Non-Linear Mech., 61, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2014.01.011.
  9. Harvey Jr, P.S. and Kelly, K.C. (2016), "A review of rolling-type seismic isolation: Historical development and future directions", Eng. Struct., 125, 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.031.
  10. Hong, S.C. and Hur, D.J. (2018), "Dynamic behavior of a simple rolling seismic isolator with a position restoring device", Appl. Sci., 8(10), 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101910.
  11. Hosseini, M. and Soroor, A. (2011), "Using orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) as a base isolation systemPart I: Analytical, experimental and numerical studies of OPRCB isolators", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 20(8), 928-950. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.568.
  12. Hosseini, M. and Soroor, A. (2013), "Using orthogonal pairs of rollers on concave beds (OPRCB) as a base isolation systemPart II: Application to multi-story and tall buildings", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 22(2), 192-216. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.671.
  13. Huang, W.H., Fenves, G.L., Whittaker, A.S. and Mahin, S.A. (2000), "Characterization of seismic isolation bearings for bridges from bi-directional testing", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Upper Hut, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, January.
  14. Jangid, R.S. and Londhe, Y. B. (1998), "Effectiveness of elliptical rolling rods for base isolation", J. Struct. Eng., 124(4), 469-472. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:4(469).
  15. Lee, G.C. and Liang, Z. (2003,), "A sloping surface roller bearing and its lateral stiffness measurement", Proceedings of the 19th US-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, October.
  16. Li, S., Wei, B., Tan, H., Li, C. and Zhao, X. (2020). "Equivalence of friction and viscous damping in a spring-friction system with concave friction distribution", J. Test. Eval., 49(1), 372-395. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20190885
  17. Lim, S.H. (2008), "Fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta and secondorder explicit Adam-Bashforth methods for solving nonlinear dynamic system: Froude's pendulum", Doctoral dissertation, Sabah University, Sabah, Malaysia.
  18. Lin, T.W. and Hone, C.C. (1993), "Base isolation by free rolling rods under basement", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 22(3), 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290220307.
  19. Lin, T.W., Chern, C.C. and Hone, C.C. (1995), "Experimental study of base isolation by free rolling rods", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(12), 1645-1650. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290241207.
  20. Liu, W., Tian, K., Wei, L., He, W. and Yang, Q. (2018), "Earthquake response and isolation effect analysis for separation type three-dimensional isolated structure", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 16(12), 6335-6364, https://doi.org/101007/s10518-018-0417-6. 101007/s10518-018-0417-6
  21. Mohammadi, M., Kafi, M.A., Kheyroddin, A. and Ronagh, H.R. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigation of an innovative buckling-restrained fuse under cyclic loading", Struct., 22, 186-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.07.014.
  22. Nagarajaiah, S., Constantinou, M.C. and Reinhorn, A.M. (1989), Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Base Isolated Structures (3D-BASIS), National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY, USA.
  23. Nobuhisa Sato, S.F., Kuno, M., Ryu Shimamoto, Y.T., Nakayama, T. and Kondo, A. (2009), "Heat-mechanics interaction behavior of lead rubber bearings for seismic base isolation under large and cyclic lateral deformation Part 2: Seismic response analysis of base isolated reactor building subjected to horizontal bidirectional earthquake motion", 20th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 20), Espoo, Finland, August.
  24. Ortiz, N.A., Magluta, C. and Roitman, N. (2015), "Numerical and experimental studies of a building with roller seismic isolation bearings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(3), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.3.475.
  25. Ou, Y.C., Song, J. and Lee, G.C. (2010), "A parametric study of seismic behavior of roller seismic isolation bearings for highway bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 39(5), 541-559. http://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.958.
  26. Pan, J., Ge, N. and Yao, L.T. (2012), "Research about rolling friction pendulum seismic isolation system on ellipse track", Adv. Mater. Res., 594, 1749-1752. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.594-597.1749.
  27. Park, H.K., Kim, J.H., Kim, M.K. and Choi, I.K. (2014), "Analysis of bi-directional effects on the response of a seismic base isolation system", Proceedings of the KNS 2014 Fall Meeting, Pyongchang, Korea, October.
  28. Rawat, A., Ummer, N. and Matsagar, V. (2018), "Performance of bi-directional elliptical rolling rods for base isolation of buildings under near-fault earthquakes", Adv. Struct. Eng., 21(5), 675-693. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1369433217726896. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1369433217726896
  29. Tehrani, M.H. and Harvey, P.S. (2019), "Generation of synthetic accelerograms for telecommunications equipment: Fragility assessment of a rolling isolation system", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 17(3), 1715-1737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0505-7.
  30. Touaillon, J. (1870), Improvement of buildings, US Patent No. 99973, February 15, 1870.
  31. Tsai, M.H., Wu, S.Y., Chang, K.C. and Lee, G.C. (2007), "Shaking table tests of a scaled bridge model with rolling-type seismic isolation bearings", Eng. Struct., 29(5), 694-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.05.025.
  32. Wang, S.J., Hwang, J.S., Chang, K.C., Shiau, C.Y., Lin, W.C., Tsai, M.S. and Yang, Y.H. (2014), "Sloped multi-roller isolation devices for seismic protection of equipment and facilities", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 43(10), 1443-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2404.
  33. Wang, S.J., Yu, C.H., Lin, W.C., Hwang, J.S. and Chang, K.C. (2017), "A generalized analytical model for sloped rolling-type seismic isolators", Eng. Struct., 138, 434-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.027.
  34. Wei, B., Fu, Y., Jiang, L. and Li, S. (2022), "Numerical calculation method for response of friction pendulum system when XY shear keys are sheared asynchronously", Struct. Eng. Mech., 81(5), 591-606. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2022.81.5.591.
  35. Wei, B., Li, C., Jia, X., He, X. and Yang, M. (2019), "Effects of shear keys on seismic performance of an isolation system", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(3), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.3.345.
  36. Wei, B., Xiao, B., Fu, Y., Jiang, L. and Li, S. (2022), "Effect of simulation accuracy of shear keys shear state on seismic response of friction pendulum bearing", Struct., 39, 1189-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.03.092.