Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of dorsal and medial arthroscopic approach to canine coxofemoral joint: a cadaveric study

  • Sangjun Oh (Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Jinsu Kang (Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Namsoo Kim (Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Suyoung Heo (Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2022.09.13
  • Accepted : 2022.12.06
  • Published : 2023.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Arthroscopic exploration of ventromedial part of canine coxofemoral joint is limited in conventional dorsal approach. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of a medial arthroscopic approach to the coxofemoral joint of dogs by analyzing the joint visible area and performing a safety analysis. Methods: Arthroscopic approaches to the coxofemoral joint were made in five cadavers using a traditional (dorsal) and novel (medial) approach. Three observers scored the visible area of images and videos of the acetabulum and femur. A safety analysis was performed via dissection of the medial hind limb. The distance between neurovascular structures and arthroscopic portals was measured. Results: The acetabulum was more visible in the dorsal than in the medial approach, with mean visualization scores of 16 ± 0.00 and 11.83 ± 1.26, respectively. The medioventral side of the femur was significantly more visible in the medial than in the dorsal approach, with mean visualization scores of 3.9 ± 0.99 and 6.93 ± 0.58, respectively. Safety analysis confirmed the medial portal site was safe, provided that the surgeon has comprehensive knowledge of the joint. The minimum distance from the arthroscopic medial portals to the nearest neurovascular structures was 2.5 mm. Conclusions: A medial arthroscopic approach to the canine coxofemoral joint has potential clinical application. Dorsal and medial approaches differ significantly and have distinct purposes. The medial approach is useful to access the ventromedial joint, making it an eligible diagnostic method for an arthroscopic evaluation of this area.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank M.Y., J.E., J.Y., and the members of surgery laboratory team at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, for their support.

References

  1. Beale BS. History of arthroscopy. In: Beale B, Hulse D, Schulz K, Whitney W, editors. Small Animal Arthroscopy. 1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003, 1-3.
  2. Person MW. A procedure for arthroscopic examination of the canine stifle joint. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1985;21:179-186.
  3. Kivumbi CW, Bennett D. Arthroscopy of the canine stifle joint. Vet Rec. 1981;109(12):241-249.  https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.109.12.241
  4. Siemering GH. Arthroscopy of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978;172(5):575-577. 
  5. Saunders WB, Hulse DA, Schulz KS. Evaluation of portal locations and periarticular structures in canine coxofemoral arthroscopy: a cadaver study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2004;17(4):184-188.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632818
  6. McCarthy TC. 6. Hip joint. In: Veterinary Arthroscopy for the Small Animal Practitioner. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2021,192-206.
  7. L'Eplattenier HF, Montavon PM. Avulsion fractures of the femoral head: internal fixation using a ventral approach to the hip joint. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1997;10(1):23-26.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632564
  8. Beale BS. Arthroscopically assisted surgery of the hip joint. In: Small animal arthroscopy. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003:96-115
  9. Polesello GC, Omine Fernandes AE, de Oliveira LP, Tavares Linhares JP, Queiroz MC. Medial hip arthroscopy portals: an anatomic study. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(1):55-59.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2013.09.004
  10. Capaldo F, Gilley R, Kapatkin A. Diagnostic and surgical applications of arthroscopy in dogs: Hindlimb joint diseases. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 2005;27(8):596-610.
  11. Luther JF, Cook JL, Stoll MR. Arthroscopic exploration and biopsy for diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the coxofemoral joint in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2005;18(1):47-51.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632928
  12. Horisberger M, Brunner A, Herzog RF. Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement of the hip: a new technique to access the joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(1):182-190.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-1005-5
  13. Alfikey A, El-Bakoury A, Karim MA, Farouk H, Kaddah MA, Abdelazeem AH. Role of arthroscopy for the diagnosis and management of post-traumatic hip pain: a prospective study. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2019;6(4):377-384.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz052
  14. Person MW. Arthroscopy of the canine coxofemoral joint. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 1989;11:930-935.
  15. Kang C, Hwang DS, Hwang JM, Park EJ. Usefulness of the medial portal during hip arthroscopy. Clin Orthop Surg. 2015;7(3):392-395.  https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2015.7.3.392
  16. Scherrer W, Holsworth I, Goossens M, Schulz K. Coxofemoral arthroscopy and total hip arthroplasty for management of intermediate grade fibrosarcoma in a dog. Vet Surg. 2005;34(1):43-46.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00007.x
  17. Huang CH, Hou SM, Yeh LS. The innervation of canine hip joint capsule: an anatomic study. Anat Histol Embryol. 2013;42(6):425-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12033