DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Review of fire resistance evaluation and fire resistance method of concrete segment lining for fire in tunnel

터널 내 화재발생에 대한 콘크리트 세그먼트 라이닝의 내화성 평가 및 내화방법에 대한 고찰

  • Moorak Son (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Daegu University) ;
  • Juhyun Cheon (Construction Technology Research Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL)) ;
  • Youngkeun Cho (Construction Technology Research Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL)) ;
  • Bumjoo Kim (Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University)
  • 손무락 (대구대학교 건설시스템공학과 ) ;
  • 천주현 (한국건설생산환경시험연구원 건설기술연구센터) ;
  • 조영근 (한국건설생산환경시험연구원 건설기술연구센터) ;
  • 김범주 (동국대학교 건설환경공학과)
  • Received : 2023.03.06
  • Accepted : 2023.03.17
  • Published : 2023.03.31

Abstract

Various tunnels such as road, subway, and railway are under construction and operation. Various types of linings are used for structural stability of tunnel structures, and concrete segment linings are mainly installed in TBM tunnel construction. In this paper, when a fire occurs in a tunnel, the impact on the concrete segment lining, which is the structure in the tunnel, and related standards, fire resistance evaluation and fire resistance method are investigated through literature review and related contents are presented. Through this, it is intended to provide an information for practitioners to secure the safety of concrete segment linings against tunnel fires.

도로, 지하철, 철도 등의 다양한 터널이 건설 및 운행 중에 있다. 터널구조물의 구조적 안정을 위해 다양한 형태의 라이닝이 이용되고 있으며 특히 TBM터널 공사에서는 콘크리트 세그먼트 라이닝이 주로 설치되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 터널 내 화재가 발생할 시 터널내 구조물인 콘크리트 세그먼트 라이닝에 미치는 영향 및 관련기준, 내화성 평가 및 내화방법에 대해서 문헌조사를 통해 조사하고 관련내용을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 실무자가 터널화재에 대한 콘크리트 세그먼트 라이닝의 안전을 확보하는데 정보를 제공하고자 하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국토교통부 TBM 굴진향상을 위한 연속굴착 기술개발 사업(과제번호: RS-2022-00144188)의 연구비 지원으로 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립니다.

References

  1. ASTM E119 (2020), Standard methods of fire tests of building construction and materials, American Society for Testing and Materials. 
  2. Beard, A., Carvel, R. (2005), The Handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety, Tomas Telford, London. 
  3. Breunese, A.J., Both, C., Wolsink, G.M. (2008), Fire testing procedure for concrete tunnel linings, Efectis-R0695, Nederland, pp. 1-23. 
  4. British Tunnelling Society (BTS) and Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) (2004), Tunnel lining design guide, Thomas Telford Ltd., London, pp. 179. 
  5. British Standards Institution (BSI) (1972), Fire tests on building materials and structures, Part 8: Test method and criteria for the fire resistance of elements of building construction, BS 476, London. 
  6. Carvel, R., Colella, F., Rein, G. (2012), "Using active systems to control tunnel fire events", Engineering and Computational Mechanics, Vol. 165, No. 4, pp. 245-252.  https://doi.org/10.1680/eacm.11.00015
  7. Chang, S.H., Choi, S.W., Kwon, J.W., Bae, G.J. (2006), "Evaluation of fire-induced damage to structural members in tunnels", KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research, Vol. 26, No. 3C, pp. 219-228. 
  8. Cheong, M.K., Spearpoint, M.J., Fleischmann, C.M. (2008), "Design fires for vehicles in road tunnels", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Method, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 229-240. 
  9. Cho, G.H., Ahn, J.K., An, J.H., Yeo, I.H. (2019), "Fire-damage assessment of middle slab in double-deck tunnels according to fire scenario", Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 159-166.  https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2019.19.5.159
  10. Choi, S.W., Kang, T.S. (2021), "Evaluation of segment lining fire resistance based on PP fiber dosage and air contents", Tunnel and Underground Space, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 469-479.  https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2021.31.6.469
  11. Clippelaar, D.D. (2011), Practical passive fire protection in TBM driven road tunnels, MSc Thesis, Delft University of Technology. 
  12. EUREKA Project EU 499 FIRETUN (1995), Fire protection in traffic tunnels - Findings from large-scale tests", Final Technical Report. 
  13. Eurocode 1 (1991), Actions on structures - Part 1-2: general actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire, The European Union Per Regulation. 
  14. French Inter-Ministry Circular No. 2000-63 (2003), "Technical instruction relating to safety measures in new road tunnels (design and operation)", Published as appendix 2 concerning safety in the tunnels of the national highways network (the circular and its appendix 1 are no longer in force, only appendix 2 is still applicable). 
  15. Gipperich, C., Schaab, A., Otremba, H.J. (2010), "Material technology developments in shield tunnelling - annular gap mortar, high-strength concrete and fire-protection concrete", Geomechanics and Tunnelling, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 283-294.  https://doi.org/10.1002/geot.201000020
  16. ISO 834 (1975), Fire resistance test-Elements of building construction. 
  17. ITA (2004), Guideline for structural fire resistance of road tunnels, WG6, ITA, pp. 72-81. 
  18. ITA (2016), Guideline for precast fiber reinforced precast segment - Vol. 1 Design Aspects, ITA Tech, pp. 46. 
  19. ITA (2017), Structural fire protection for road tunnels, WG6, ITA, pp. 47. 
  20. ITA (2019), Guidelines for the design of segmental tunnel linings, WG2, ITA, pp. 59. 
  21. Kwon, K.S., Shin, H.J., Kim, H.Y. (2016), "Evaluation of the damage by a fire of the full scale concrete tunnel lining exposed to the high temperature", Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 9-15.  https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2016.16.2.9
  22. Lacroix, D. (1998), "The new PIARC report on fire and smoke control in road tunnels", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Safety in road and rail tunnels, Nice, France, pp. 185-197. 
  23. Lacroix, D., Haack, A. (2004), PIARC design criteria for resistance to fire for road tunnel structures, Joint Issue ITA/PIARC Route-Roads on Fire Safety in Tunnels, pp. 64-71. 
  24. Lottman, B.B.G. (2007), Fire in bored tunnels - Structural behavior, during fire conditions of bored tunnels made with a reinforced segmental lining, Master Thesis, Delft University of Technology. 
  25. Maraveas, C., Vrakas, A.A. (2014), "Design of concrete tunnel linings for fire safety", Structural Engineering International, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 319-329.  https://doi.org/10.2749/101686614X13830790993041
  26. MOLIT (2015), Guidelines for the installation and management of road tunnel disasters, Regulations No. 112, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 
  27. MOLIT (2016a), Korean Design Standard (KDS 27 10 05), Design Outline 1.3.2, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea. 
  28. MOLIT (2016b), Korean Design Standard (KDS 27 10 15), Design General 4.3.2, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea. 
  29. MOLIT (2016c), Korean Design Standard (KDS 27 40 10), Segment Lining 4.1.1, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea. 
  30. MOLIT (2021), Road tunnel fireproof guideline, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 
  31. Nakahori, I., Sakaguchi, T., Nakano, A., Mitani, A., Vardy, A.E. (2014), "Real-time estimation of heat release rates in tunnel fires", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference Tunnel Safety and Ventilation, Vol. 97, Graz, pp. 65-74. 
  32. Neun, E. (2012), "Structural fire safety engineering; Eurocode approach and practical application", Proceedings of the World Tunnelling Congress, Bangkok, Thailand. 
  33. NFPA 502 (2014), Standard for road, tunnels, bridges, and other limited access highways, National Fire Protection Association. 
  34. Park, H.G., Lee, M.S., Jeon, S.E., Park, D.K. (2004), "Fire-resistance characteristics of shield tunnel concrete linings", Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference, Spring, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 32-35. 
  35. Park, K.H., So, S.H. (2010), "A real scale test on performance of water spray systems in tunnel fire", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 341-347.  https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2010.12.4.341
  36. PIARC (1999), Fire and smoke control in road tunnels, Technical Committee 5 Road Tunnels, Paris. 
  37. PIARC (2002), Proposal on the design criteria for resistance to fire for road tunnel structures, Paris. 
  38. PIARC (2016), Fixed fire fighting systems in road tunnels: current practices and recommendations, Technical Committee 3.3 Road Tunnel Operation, pp. 80. 
  39. Richtlinien fuer die Ausstattung und den Betrieb von Strassentunneln (RABT) (1997), Forschungsgesellschaft fur Strassen-und Verkehrswesen. 
  40. Tarada, F. (2011), "Fires in tunnels: can the risks be designed out?", Eurotransport Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 46-49. 
  41. Tarada, F., King, M. (2009), "Structural fire protection of railway tunnels", Proceedings of the Railway Engineering Conference, University of Westminster, United Kingdom. 
  42. Yan, Z., Shen, Y., Zhu, H., Lu, Y. (2016), "Experimental study of tunnel segmental joints subjected to elevated temperature", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 53, pp. 46-60.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.005
  43. Yan, Z.G., Shen, Y., Zhu, H.H., Li, X.J., Lu, Y. (2015), "Experimental investigation of reinforced concrete and hybrid fiber reinforced concrete shield tunnel segments subjected to elevated temperature", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 71, pp. 86-99.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.11.009
  44. Yan, Z.G., Zhu, H.H., Ju, J.W., Ding, W.Q. (2012), "Full-scale fire tests of RC metro shield TBM tunnel linings", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 36, pp, 484-494.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.006
  45. Yan, Z.G., Zhu, H.H., Ju, J.W. (2013), "Behavior of reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete shield TBM tunnel linings exposed to high temperatures", Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 38, pp. 610-618.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.019
  46. Yoo, Y.H., Kweon, O.S. (2010), "A study on the HRR and fire propagation phenomena for the fire safety design of deep road tunnel", Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 321-328. https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2010.12.4.321