DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effectiveness of Krill Oil in Regulating Skin Moisture

  • Yoon-Seok Chun (AriBnC Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Jongkyu Kim (AriBnC Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Ji-Hoon Lim (Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Namju Lee (AriBnC Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Sae-kwang Ku (Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
  • Received : 2023.08.16
  • Accepted : 2023.08.24
  • Published : 2023.12.31

Abstract

This study aims to explore the impact of Krill Oil (KO, SuperbaTM Boost) on skin moisturization regulation. The research involved five groups: an intact control, a reference group (L-AA 100 mg/kg), and KO groups (400, 200, and 100 mg/kg), each comprising ten mice. Oral administration was conducted for 8 weeks (56 days), during which changes in body weight, hyaluronan, collagen type 1 (COL1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), ceramide, and water contents were analyzed in dorsal back skin tissue. Real-time PCR was employed to assess gene expression related to hyaluronic acid synthesis (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), COL1 synthesis (COL1A1 and COL1A2), and TGF-β1. Results demonstrated that KO administration significantly increased hyaluronan content, hyaluronic acid synthesis (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), COL1 content, COL1 synthesis (COL1A1 and COL1A2), TGF-β1 content, TGF-β1 mRNA expression, ceramide content, and water content in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the intact control. Importantly, no discernible disparities were noted between the KO and L-AA groups, even though they received equivalent oral dosages. This study accentuates the potential utility of exogenous KO in the regulation of skin moisture, thus positioning it as a promising avenue for the development of nutricosmetics. Future research endeavors should delve into the role of KO in safeguarding against both intrinsic and extrinsic aging-related skin manifestations, as well as its potential to ameliorate skin wrinkles, in conjunction with its moisturizing attributes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We express our heartfelt gratitude for the administrative and technical assistance provided by the College of Korean Medicine at Daegu Haany University and the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kyungpook National University.

References

  1. Bouwstra JA, Honeywell-Nguyen PL, Gooris GS, Ponec M (2003) Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations. Prog Lipid Res 42: 1-36. doi: 10.1016/s0163-7827(02)00028-0
  2. Choi MJ, Maibach HI (2005) Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol 6: 215-223. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200506040-00002
  3. Hammond SA, Tsonis C, Sellins K, Rushlow K, Scharton-Kersten T, Colditz I, Glenn GM (2000) Transcutaneous immunization of domestic animals: opportunities and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 43: 45-55. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00076-4
  4. Rawlings A (2003) Trends in stratum corneum research and the management of dry skin conditions. Int J Cosmet Sci 25: 63-95. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00174.x
  5. Yilmaz E, Borchert H-H (2006) Effect of lipid-containing, positively charged nanoemulsions on skin hydration, elasticity and erythema-An in vivo study. Int J Pharm 307: 232-238. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.002
  6. Imokawa G, Akasaki S, Minematsu Y, Kawai M (1989) Importance of intercellular lipids in water-retention properties of the stratum corneum: induction and recovery study of surfactant dry skin. Arch Dermatol Res 281: 45-51. doi: 10.1007/BF00424272
  7. Michalak M, Pierzak M, Krecisz B, Suliga E (2021) Bioactive compounds for skin health: A review. Nutrients 13: 203. doi: 10.3390/nu13010203
  8. Kendall AC, Kiezel-Tsugunova M, Brownbridge LC, Harwood JL, Nicolaou A (2017) Lipid functions in skin: Differential effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cutaneous ceramides, in a human skin organ culture model. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomember 1859: 1679-1689. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.016
  9. Thomsen BJ, Chow EY, Sapijaszko MJ (2020) The potential uses of omega-3 fatty acids in dermatology: a review. J Cutan Med Surg 24: 481-494. doi: 10.1177/1203475420929925
  10. Ulven SM, Kirkhus B, Lamglait A, Basu S, Elind E, Haider T, Berge K, Vik H, Pedersen JI (2011) Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers. Lipids 46: 37-46. doi: 10.1007/s11745-010-3490-4
  11. Skorve J, Hilvo M, Vihervaara T, Burri L, Bohov P, Tillander V, Bjorndal B, Suoniemi M, Laaksonen R, Ekroos K (2015) Fish oil and krill oil differentially modify the liver and brain lipidome when fed to mice. Lipids Health Dis 14: 1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12944-015-0086-2
  12. Watanabe N, Suzuki T, Yamazaki Y, Sugiyama K, Koike S, Nishimukai M (2019) Supplemental feeding of phospholipid-enriched alkyl phospholipid from krill relieves spontaneous atopic dermatitis and strengthens skin intercellular lipid barriers in NC/Nga mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 83: 717-727. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1559024
  13. Kim J, Chun Y-S, Lee S-H, Lee N, Ku S-K (2023) Krill Oil's protective benefits against ultraviolet B-Induced skin photoaging in hairless mice and in vitro experiments. Mar Drugs preprints: Unpublished. doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.0591.v1
  14. Ponec M, Weerheim A, Kempenaar J, Mulder A, Gooris GS, Bouwstra J, Mommaas AM (1997) The formation of competent barrier lipids in reconstructed human epidermis requires the presence of vitamin C. J Invest Dermatol 109: 348-355. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12336024
  15. Savini I, Rossi A, Duranti G, Avigliano L, Catani MV, Melino G (2002) Characterization of keratinocyte differentiation induced by ascorbic acid: protein kinase C involvement and vitamin C homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 118: 372-379. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01624.x
  16. Kim YG, Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y (2009) Effects of ginseng saponins isolated from red ginseng on ultraviolet B-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Eur J Pharmacol 602: 148-156. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.021
  17. Viyoch J, Mahingsa K, Ingkaninan K (2012) Effects of Thai Musa species on prevention of UVB-induced skin damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 50: 4292-4301. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.060
  18. Gegotek A, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Skrzydlewska E (2020) Cytoprotective effect of ascorbic acid and rutin against oxidative changes in the proteome of skin fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional system. Nutrients 12: 1074. doi: 10.3390/nu12041074
  19. Lee D-Y, Chun Y-S, Kim J-K, Lee J-O, Ku S-K, Shim S-M (2021) Curcumin attenuates sarcopenia in chronic forced exercise executed aged mice by regulating muscle degradation and protein synthesis with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. J Agric Food Chem 69: 6214-6228. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00699
  20. Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G (2012) Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol 4: 253-258. doi: 10.4161/derm.21923
  21. Sun Q, Wu J, Qian G, Cheng H (2022) Effectiveness of dietary supplement for skin moisturizing in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 9: 895192. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895192
  22. Wang Y, Lauer ME, Anand S, Mack JA, Maytin EV (2014) Hyaluronan synthase 2 protects skin fibroblasts against apoptosis induced by environmental stress. J Biol Chem 289: 32253-32265. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.578377
  23. Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW (2016) Hyaluronan as a therapeutic target in human diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 97: 186-203. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.017
  24. Fallacara A, Baldini E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S (2018) Hyaluronic acid in the third millennium. Polymers (Basel) 10: 701. doi: 10.3390/polym10070701
  25. Bastow E, Byers S, Golub S, Clarkin C, Pitsillides A, Fosang A (2008) Hyaluronan synthesis and degradation in cartilage and bone. Cell Mol Life Sci 65: 395-413. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7360-z
  26. Ziboh VA (1996) The significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cutaneous biology. Lipids 31: S249-S253. doi:10.1007/BF02637085
  27. Haverkamp RG, Sizeland KH, Wells HC, Kamma-Lorger C (2022) Collagen dehydration. Int J Biol Macromol 216: 140-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.180
  28. Son S-A, Shin ES, Park YM, Ma A, Yang H, Kim S, Shin T-S (2022) Composition of Collagen Extracted from the Skin of Three Different Varieties of Fish. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 51: 71-81. doi: 10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.1.71
  29. Cho CH, Lim W, Sim W-J, Lim T-G (2023) Oral administration of collagen peptide in SKH-1 mice suppress UVB-induced wrinkle and dehydration through MAPK and MAPKK signaling pathways, in vitro and in vivo evidence. Food Sci Biotechnol: 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s10068-023-01362-6
  30. Hu J-R, Choi B-R, Park H-R, Sung M-S, Yi H-Y, Kang S-J, Ku S-K, Lee Y-J, Hu J-R, Choi B-R (2016) Skin tissue homogenate analysis for ceramide and TGF-1 contents with TGF-1 mRNA expressions after treatment of pomegranate concentrated solution and dried pomegranate concentrate powder in mice. J Korean Med 37: 1-9. doi: 10.13048/jkm.16042
  31. Sugiyama Y, Shimada A, Sayo T, Sakai S, Inoue S (1998) Putative hyaluronan synthase mRNA are expressed in mouse skin and TGF-β upregulates their expression in cultured human skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 110: 116-121. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00093.x
  32. Suzuki M, Asplund T, Yamashita H, Heldin C, Heldin P (1995) Stimulation of hyaluronan biosynthesis by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β 1 involves activation of protein kinase C. Biochem J 307: 817-821. doi: 10.1042/bj3070817
  33. Kane CJ, Hebda PA, Mansbridge JN, Hanawalt PC (1991) Direct evidence for spatial and temporal regulation of transforming growth factor β1 expression during cutaneous wound healing. J Cell physiol 148: 157-173. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041480119
  34. Schmid P, Cox D, Bilbe G, McMaster G, Morrison C, Stahelin H, Luscher N, Seiler W (1993) TGF-βs and TGF-β type II receptor in human epidermis: differential expression in acute and chronic skin wounds. J pathol 171: 191-197. doi: 10.1002/path.1711710307
  35. Kim S-J, Im Y-H, Markowitz S, Bang Y-J (2000) Molecular mechanisms of inactivation of TGF-β receptors during carcinogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 11: 159-168. doi: 10.1016/s1359-6101(99)00039-8
  36. Rendi MH, Suh N, Lamph WW, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Heyman RA, Berchuck A, Liby K, Risingsong R, Royce DB (2004) The selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene and the rexinoid LG100268 cooperate to promote transforming growth factor β-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res 64: 3566-3571. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0234
  37. Sharma A, Belna J, Espat J, Rodriguez G, Cannon VT, Hurteau JA (2009) Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on components of the transforming growth factor beta-1 pathway: implication for dietary modification and prevention in ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 200: 516. e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.023