Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Long-term pattern changes of sea surface temperature during summer and winter due to climate change in the Korea Waters

  • In-Seong Han (Ocean Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Joon-Soo Lee (Ocean Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Hae-Kun Jung (East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science)
  • Received : 2023.07.09
  • Accepted : 2023.07.27
  • Published : 2023.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content in the Korea Waters are gradually increased. Especially the increasing trend of annual mean SST in the Korea Water is higher about 2.6 times than the global mean during past 55 years (1968-2022). Before 2010s, the increasing trend of SST was led by winter season in the Korea Waters. However, this pattern was clearly changed after 2010s. The increasing trend of SST during summer is higher about 3.9 times than during winter after 2010s. We examine the long-term variations of several ocean and climate factors to understand the reasons for the long-term pattern changes of SST between summer and winter in recent. Tsushima warm current was significantly strengthened in summer compare to winter during past 33 years (1986-2018). The long-term patterns of Siberian High and East Asian Winter Monsoon were definitely changed before and after early- or mid-2000s. The intensities of those two climate factors was changed to the increasing trend or weakened decreasing trend from the distinctive decreasing trend. In addition, the extreme weather condition like the heatwave days and cold spell days in the Korea significantly increased since mid- or late-2000s. From these results, we can consider that the occurrences of frequent and intensified marine heatwaves during summer and marine cold spells during winter in the Korea Waters might be related with the long-term pattern change of SST, which should be caused by the long-term change of climate factors and advection heat, in a few decade.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank members of ocean prediction laboratory, ocean climate & ecology research division in NIFS for help in our data analysis.

References

  1. Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL. Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010. Cryosphere. 2012;6:881-9.  https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-881-2012
  2. Ghatak D, Deser C, Frei A, Gong G, Phillips A, Robinson DA, et al. Simulated Siberian snow cover response to observed Arctic sea ice loss, 1979-2008. J Geophys Res. 2012;117:D23108. 
  3. Gong DY, Ho CH. The Siberian High and climate change over middle to high latitude Asia. Theor Appl Climatol. 2002;72:1-9.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s007040200008
  4. Han IS, Kang YQ. Supply of heat by Tsushima warm current in the East Sea (Japan Sea). J Oceanogr. 2003;59:317-23.  https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025563810201
  5. Han IS, Lee JS. Change the annual amplitude of sea surface temperature due to climate change in a recent decade around the Korean peninsula. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2020;26:233-41.  https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2020.26.3.233
  6. Han IS, Lee JS, Kim JY, Hong JY. High frequency variation of low water temperature due to Arctic oscillation around the western and southern coast of Korea during winter 2017/2018. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2019;25:328-33.  https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2019.25.3.328
  7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]. The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate: special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019. 
  8. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2021. 
  9. Jhun JG, Lee EJ. A new East Asian winter monsoon index and associated characteristics of the winter monsoon. J Clim. 2004;17:711-26.  https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0711:ANEAWM>2.0.CO;2
  10. Jung HK, Rahman SM, Kang CK, Park SY, Lee SH, Park HJ, et al. The influence of climate regime shifts on the marine environment and ecosystems in the East Asian Marginal Seas and their mechanisms. Deep Sea Res II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2017;143:110-20.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.06.010
  11. Kang YQ. Warming trend of coastal waters of Korea during recent 60 years (1936-1995). J Fish Sci Technol. 2000;3:173-9. 
  12. Kim JY, Han IS. Sea surface temperature time lag due to the extreme heat wave of august 2016. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2017;23:677-83.  https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2017.23.6.677
  13. Kim JY, Park MH, Lee JS, Ahn JS, Han IS, Kwon MO, et al. Consideration of time lag of sea surface temperature due to extreme cold wave: West sea, South sea. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2021;27:701-7.  https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2021.27.6.701
  14. Kim SJ, Woo SH, Kim BM, Hur SD. Trends in sea surface temperature (SST) change near the Korean Peninsula for the past 130 years. Ocean Polar Res. 2011;33:281-90.  https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2011.33.3.281
  15. Korea Oceanographic Data Center [KODC]. Jeongseon marine observatory location map [Internet]. NIFS. 2017 [cited 2023 Jul 27]. https://www.nifs.go.kr/kodc/soo_summary.kodc 
  16. Lee JS, Kwon MO, Ahn JS, Park MH, Song JY, Han IS, et al. Characteristics of high water temperature occurrence in coastal and inland bays of Korea during the summers of 2018-2021. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2022;28:753-63.  https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2022.28.5.753
  17. Lee S, Park MS, Kwon M, Park YG, Kim YH, Choi N. Rapidly changing East Asian marine heatwaves under a warming climate. J Geophys Res Oceans. 2023;128:e2023JC019761. 
  18. Lee S, Park MS, Kwon MH, Kim YH, Park YG. Two major modes of East Asian marine heatwaves. Environ Res Lett. 2020;15:074008. 
  19. Min HS, Kim CH. Interannual variability and long-term trend of coastal sea surface temperature in Korea. Ocean Polar Res. 2006;28:415-23.  https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2006.28.4.415
  20. National Institute of Fisheries Science [NIFS]. Annual report for climate change trends in fisheries 2022. Busan: NIFS; 2022. 
  21. Panagiotopoulos F, Shahgedanova M, Hannachi A, Stephenson D. Observed trends and teleconnections of the Siberian High: a recently declining center of action. J Climate. 2005;18:1411-22.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3352.1
  22. Petoukhov V, Semenov VA. A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents. J Geophys Res Atmos. 2010;115:D21111. 
  23. Sato T, Nakamura T, Iijima Y, Hiyama T. Enhanced Arctic moisture transport toward Siberia in autumn revealed by tagged moisture transport model experiment. NPJ Clim Atmos Sci. 2022;5:91. 
  24. Seong KT, Hwang JD, Han IS, Go WJ, Suh YS, Lee JY. Characteristic for long-term trends of temperature in the Korean Waters. J Korean Soc Mar Environ Saf. 2010;16:353-60. 
  25. Shin HR, Lee JH, Kim CH, Yoon JH, Hirose N, Takikawa T, et al. Long-term variation in volume transport of the Tsushima warm current estimated from ADCP current measurement and sea level differences in the Korea/Tsushima Strait. J Mar Syst. 2022;232:103750. 
  26. Takikawa T, Yoon JH, Cho KD. The Tsushima warm current through Tsushima straits estimated from ferryboat ADCP data. J Phys Oceanogr. 2005;35:1154-68.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2742.1
  27. Wang Y, Kajtar JB, Alexander LV, Pilo GS, Holbrook NJ. Understanding the changing nature of marine cold-spells. Geophys Res Lett. 2022;49:e2021GL097002. 
  28. World Meteorological Organization [WMO]. State of the global climate 2022. Geneva: WMO; 2023. 
  29. Yihui D. Build-up, air mass transformation and propagation of Siberian high and its relations to cold surge in East Asia. Meteorol Atmos Phys. 1990;44:281-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01026822