KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Heading Ecology of Rice Varieties Adaptable to the Temperature and Day-Length Conditions in North Korean Regions

북한 지역 기온과 일장 환경 적응 벼 품종의 출수생태 특성 분석

  • Woonho Yang (Crop Cultivation & Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shingu Kang (Crop Cultivation & Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Dae-Woo Lee (Crop Cultivation & Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Mi-jin Chae (Crop Cultivation & Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 양운호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 강신구 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 이대우 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 채미진 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과)
  • Received : 2023.09.22
  • Accepted : 2023.10.18
  • Published : 2023.12.01
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Abstract

We investigated the basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS) of 40 rice varieties to characterize their heading ecology that is adaptable to North Korean rice production areas. The ranges were 12 - 43 days for BVP, 0 - 74 days for PS, and 15 - 33 days for TS, depending on the variety. The number of days from transplanting to the heading stage (DTH) was significantly correlated with PS in the 13 major rice production regions where all 40 varieties (including early-, middle-, and mid-late-maturing varieties) were tested. DTH was significantly correlated with BVP and TS but not with PS in the 10 low-temperature regions where only 28 early-maturing varieties were tested. The heading ecology of the adaptable varieties for each region could be characterized by an exponential equation between the BVP and PS of varieties that headed at the border of the safe marginal heading date (SMHD) for each of the seven regional environments (Kaesong, Haeju, Yongyon, Singye, Sariwon, Nampo, and Pyongyang). A PS of 25 - 30 days or less was an additional adaptive trait in the Sariwon and Pyongyang environments. The varieties that reached the heading stage not later than the SMHD in six regional environments (Anju, Kusong, Sinuiju, Changjon, Wonsan, and Supung) and those that reached the heading stage not later than the late marginal heading date (LMHD) in four regional environments (Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye) had both a PS of 26 days or less and a BVP of 25 - 28 days or less. In the Yangdok, Sinpo, and Chunggang environments, varieties that reached the heading stage not later than the LMHD for each region had a BVP of 15 - 20 days or less. The results suggested that a shortened BVP trait should be introduced to existing early-maturing rice varieties to reduce the duration of growth period to reach the heading stage.

북한 지역별 기온, 일장 환경 적응 벼 품종의 출수생태 특성을 알아보기 위하여 남한, 북한, 중국 동북 3성 40 품종의 기본영양생장성, 감광성, 감온성을 검정하고, 각 지역적응 품종의 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험품종의 기본영양생장성은 12~43일, 감광성은 0~74일, 감온성은 15~33일 범위였는데, 공통적으로 조생종은 감광성이 작고 중생종과 중만생종은 감광성이 컸다. 2. 북한 주요 벼 재배 13 지역 환경에서 조, 중, 중만생종 40 품종을 모두 포함하여 검토하였을 때 출수소요일수는 감광성과 고도로 유의한 정의 상관을 보였으며, 북한저온 10 지역 환경에서 조생종 28 품종에서 검토하였을 때 출수소요일수는 감광성과는 유의성이 없었고 기본영양생장성 및 감온성과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 3. 벼 재배기간의 기온이 가장 높은 사리원과 평양 환경 적응 특성은 1) 감광성이 25~30 이하이거나, 2) 감광성이 그 이상인 경우, 안전출수한계기에 근접하여 출수한 품종의 기본영양생장성 - 감광성 관계식으로 구분되었다. 4. 기온이 비교적 높은 개성, 해주, 용연, 신계, 남포 환경적응 품종은 각 지역의 안전출수한계기에 인접하여 출수한 품종의 기본영양생장성 - 감광성 관계식을 기준으로 구분되었다. 5. 안주, 구성, 신의주, 장전, 원산, 수풍의 환경에서 안전출수한계기까지 출수한 품종과 함흥, 평강, 희천, 강계의 환경에서 출수만한기까지 출수한 품종은 감광성이 26일 이하이면서 기본영양생장성이 25~28일 이하에 분포하였다. 6. 기온이 낮고 재배기간이 짧은 양덕, 신포, 중강 환경에서 출수만한기까지 출수한 품종은 감광성이 작은 조생종 중기본영양생장성이 15~20일 이하로 작은 특성을 나타내었다. 7. 출수소요일수가 짧은 품종을 비교하였을 때 북한과 중국 동북 3성 품종은 남한 품종보다 출수소요일수와 기본영양생장성이 작았으므로, 생육기간이 짧은 국내 품종 육성을 위해서는 짧은 기본영양생장성의 도입이 제안되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(연구개발과제명 : 기후변화 대응 북한지역 식량작물 재배적지 선정, 과제번호 : RS-2020-RD009242)의 지원으로 이루어진 것임.

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