KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Optimal Salt Concentration and Temperature for Perilla Seed Germination and Soil Bulk Density, Sowing Depth, and Salinity on Emergence Rate in Reclaimed Soil

들깨 NaCl 농도, 온도에 따른 발아와 간척지 토양에서 용적밀도, 파종깊이, 염농도에 따른 출현 특성

  • Yang-Yeol Oh (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwang Seung-Lee (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hee-Kyoung Ock (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hak-Seong Lee (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo-Young Jung (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Bo-Seong Seo (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Young-Tae Shin (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kang-Ho Jung (Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Bang-Hun Kang (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hyun-Suk Jo (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Su-Hwan Lee (Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jin Jung (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seung-Yeon Kim (Reclaimed Land Agriculture Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung-In Kim (Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 오양열 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 이광승 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 옥희경 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 이학성 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 정서영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 서보성 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 신영태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 정강호 (농촌진흥청) ;
  • 강방훈 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 조현숙 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 이수환 (농촌진흥청 ) ;
  • 정진 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 김승연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 간척지농업연구팀) ;
  • 김정인 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 밭작물개발과 )
  • Received : 2023.10.26
  • Accepted : 2023.11.10
  • Published : 2023.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Data on salt tolerance, optimal sowing depth, soil bulk density (pb) and cardinal temperatures required for the germination and emergence of perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt) are scarce for reclaimed land soil. An experiment was conducted across six temperature treatments (10, 15, 20 , 25, 30, and 35℃) to determine the cardinal temperature for perilla seed germination and four salinity levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 mM) to determine the salt tolerance. Another experiment was performed for quantifying the emergence response of perilla to pb (1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 g cm-3), sowing depth (1, 2, 3, and 4 cm) and soil salinity. The results revealed that increased sodium chloride levels caused a significant reduction in the seed germination at Deulhyang and Sodam. The optimum upper limit temperature was less than 35℃. The optimal sowing depth and soil bulk density were 1 cm and 1.1 g cm-3 respectively. Perilla seedling growth was inhibited at 1.9 dS m-1 although varying responses were observed. These results aid our understanding of the germination and emergence rate of these crops and provide data for field cultivation to optimize crop sowing in reclaimed land.

본 연구는 간척지 들깨 재배을 위하여 품종별 NaCl 처리, 치상온도 조건에 따른 발아율과 토양 용적밀도, 염농도, 종자 파종깊에 따른 출현 후 생존율을 분석하여 간척지 새로운 소득작물로써 들깨의 안정적 재배를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 1. NaCl 관개수 염농도, 치상온도, 들깨 품종 모든 요인이 발아에 영향을 주었으며, 관개수 염농도가 높아질수록 다유 > 들샘, 늘새미 > 들향, 소담 순으로 높은 발아율을 보였다. 2. 치상온도에 따른 들깨 발아율은 10℃에서는 다른 처리구보다 발아기간이 늦었으며, 35℃에서는 발아하지 못하였다. 3. 토양 용적밀도와 종자 파종깊이에 따른 들깨 출현 후 생존율은 1.1 g cm-3에서는 3 cm 깊이까지, 1.3 g cm-3 수준에서는 2 cm 깊이까지, 1.5 g cm-3 수준에서는 1 cm 깊이까지 출현을 하였다. 4. 토양 염농도에 따른 생존율은 품종별로 유의성을 보이지 않았으며, 1.1 dS m-1까지는 안정적으로 생존이 될 것으로 보이며, 1.9 dS m-1 이상에서는 안정적인 출현이 힘들 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(과제번호: PJ015882022023)의 지원에 의하여 이루어진 것임.

References

  1. Ahmad, J. and M. Ban. 1992. The effect of sodium chloride on physiology of cotyledons and mobilization of reserved food in Cicer arietinum. Pakistan J. Bot. 24 : 40-48.
  2. Alameda, D., N. P. R. Anten, and R. Villar. 2012. Soil compaction effects on growth and root traits of tobacco depend on light, water regime and mechanical stress. Soil Tillage Res. 120 : 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.11.013
  3. Ali, S. A. and A. Y. Idris. 2015. Effect of Seed Size and Sowing Depth on Germination and Some Growth Parameters of Faba Bean (Viciafaba L.). Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal. 1(1) : 1-5.
  4. Arvidsson, J. 1999. Nutrient uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction. Plant Soil. 208 : 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004484518652
  5. Atak, M., M. D. Kaya, G. Kaya, Y. Cujukum, and C. Y. Ciftci. 2006. Effects of NaCl on the germination, seedling growth and water uptake of triticale. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 30 : 39-47.
  6. Bare, C. E., V. K. Toole, and W. A. Gentner, 1978. Temperature and light effects on germination of Papaver bracteatum Lindl., P. orientale L., and P. somniferum L. Planta Med. 34 : 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097425
  7. Bernstein, L. 1975. Effect of salinity and sodicity on plant growth. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 13 : 295-312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.13.090175.001455
  8. Choung, M. G. 2005. Comparison of major characteristics between seed perilla and vegetable perilla. Korean J. Crop Sci. 50(S) : 171-174.
  9. Chung, I. M., S. J. Yun, J. T. Kim, J. G. Gwag, J. D. Sung, and H. S. Suh. 1995. Test of superoxide dismutase characteristics and anti-oxidant activity in perilla leaves. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 40(4) : 504-511.
  10. Dam, R. F., B. B. Mehdi, M. S. E. Burgess, C. A. Madramootoo, G. R. Mehuys, and I. R. Callum. 2005. Soil bulk density and crop yield under eleven consecutive years of corn with different tillage and residue practices in a sandy loam soil in central Canada. Soil Tillage Res. 84 : 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006
  11. Forcella, F., R. L. Benech-Arnold, R. Sanchez, C. M. Ghersa. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. F. Crop. Res. 67 : 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00088-5
  12. Fricke, W., G. Akhiyarova, W. Wei, E. Alexanderssn, A. Miller, P. O. Kjellbom, A. Richardson, T. Wojciechowski, L. Schreiber, D. Veselov, G. Kudoyarova, and V. Volkar. 2006. The short term growth responses to salt of the developing barley leaf. Journal Experimental Botany. 57(5) : 1079-1095. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj095
  13. Gummerson, R. J. 1986. The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potentials on the germination of sugar beet. J. Exp. Bot. 37 : 729-741. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/37.6.729
  14. Hampson, C. R. and G. M. Simpson. 1990. Effect of temperature, salt and osmotic potential on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). I. Germination. Can. J. Bot. 68 : 524-528. https://doi.org/10.1139/b90-072
  15. Hedayatollah, K. S., M. Bahadorb, M. R. Tadayonb, and A. G. Dehkordic. 2019. Modelling seed germination and seedling emergence of flax and sesame as affected by temperature, soil bulk density, and sowing depth. Industrial Crops & Products. 141 : 111770.
  16. Hegarty, T. W. 1973. Temperature Relations of Germination in the Field. Seed Ecol. Butterworths London. 411-432.
  17. Hwang, B. S. 2023. The germiantion characteristics according to organin treatment and seeding season of Revegetation species used on the Saemangeum Reclaimed land. Dankook University Graduate School Doctoral Thesis.
  18. Jame, Y. W. and H. W. Cutforth. 2004. Simulating the effects of temperature and seeding depth on germination and emergence of spring wheat. Agric. For. Meteorol. 124 : 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.012
  19. Jeong, J. H., S. Kim, J. H. Lee, W. Y. Choi, K. B. Lee, and K. M. Cho. 2014. Germination and growth response of Spergularia marina Griseb by salt concentration. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 59(2) : 139-143. https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2014.59.2.139
  20. Kamkar, B., M. Ahmadi, A. Soltani, and E. Zeinali. 2008. Evaluating non-linear regression models to describe response of wheat emergence rate to temperature. Seed Sci. Biotechnol. 2 : 53-57.
  21. Kamkar, B., M. J. Al-Alahmadi, A. Mahdavi-Damghani, and F. J. Villalobos. 2012. Quantification of the cardinal temperatures and thermal time requirement of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds to germinate using non-linear regression models. Ind. Crops Prod. 35 : 192-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.033
  22. Kim, D. J., A. D. Assefa, Y. J. Jeong, Y. A. Jeon, J. E. Lee, M. C. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. H. Rhee, and J. S. Sung. 2019. Variation in Fatty Acid Composition, Caffeic and Rosmarinic Acid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Perilla Accessions. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 27(2) : 96-107. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2019.27.2.96
  23. Kim, H. J., .R. Kim, and H. N. Woo. 2011. Properties and fate of nitrogen in a reclaimed tidal soil. CNU Journal of Agricultural Science. 38(2) : 301-307.
  24. Kim, J. I., M. H. Lee, S. U. Kim, E. Y. Oh, T. J. Ha, K. W. Oh, K. S. Cho, and C. S. Jung. 2021. Quality Characteristics of Perilla frutescens Cultivars According to Different Sowing Dates. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 66(4) : 403-410. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2021.66.4.403
  25. Kim, S., J. H. Ryu, C. H. Paik, S. H. Lee, Y. Y. Oh, and J. T. Lee. 2017. Characteristics of emergence and growth of sorghum at various soil salinities and seeding methods in reclaimed soil. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 62(3) : 233-240. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2017.62.3.233
  26. Korean Statistical Information Servive (KOSIS). 2021. https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=114&tblId=DT_114_2014_S0002&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=K1_11&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=MT_ZTITLE. Last accessed on November 24, 2023.
  27. Lapen, D. R., G. C. Topp, E. G. Gregorich, H. N. Hayhoe, and W. E. Curnoe. 2001. Divisive field-scale associations between corn yields, management, and soil information. Soil Tillage Res. 58 : 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00168-9
  28. Mass, E. V. and G. J. Hoffman. 1977. Crop salt tolerance-current assessment. J. Irrig Drain Div. 103 : 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1061/JRCEA4.0001137
  29. Meiri, A. 1984. Plant response to salinity: Experimental methodology and application to the field. Soil salinity under irrigation processes and management. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  30. Ministy of Agriculture, Food and Rual Affairs (MAFRA). 2019. Comprehensive agricultural and fishery use plan for reclaimed land.
  31. O'Connor, B. J. and L. V. Gusta. 1994. Effect of low temperature and seeding depth on the germination and emergence of seven flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74 : 247-253. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-050
  32. Oh, E. Y., M. H. Lee, J. I, Kim, S. Kim, S. B. Pae, and T. J. Ha. 2018. Estimation of Oil Yield of Perilla by Seed Characteristics and Crude Fat Content. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 63(2) : 158-163. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2018.63.2.158
  33. Park, J. E., M. H. Lee, K. Y. Oh, S. U. Kim, E. Y. Oh, T. J. Ha, K. S. Cho, C. S. Jung, and J. I. Kim. 2021. Agricultural and Quality Characteristics in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) Population in Perilla (Perilla frutescens. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 66(3) : 248-255. https://doi.org/10.7740/KJCS.2021.66.3.248
  34. Shafii, B. and W. J. Price. 2001. Estimation of cardinal temperatures in germination data analysis. J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. 6 : 356-366. https://doi.org/10.1198/108571101317096569
  35. Soureshjani, H. K., M. Bahador, M. Tadayon, and A. G. Dehkordi. 2019. Modelling seed germination and seedling emergence of flax and sesame as affected by temperature, soil bulk density, and sowing depth. Industrial Crops and Products. 141 : 111770.
  36. Tolyat, M. A., R. T. Afshari, M. R. Jahansoz, F. Nadjafi, and H. A. Naghdibadi. 2014. Determination of cardinal germination temperatures of two ecotypes of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis. Seed Sci. Technol. 42 : 28-35. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2014.42.1.03
  37. Tracy, S R., C. R. Black, J.A. Roberts, and S. J. Mooney. 2013. Exploring the interacting effect of soil texture and bulk density on root system development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 91 : 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.03.003
  38. van Hoorn, J. W, 1991. Development of soil salinity during germination and early seedling growth and its effect on several crops. Agricultural Water Management. 20 : 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(91)90032-E
  39. Wu, B. M. and K. V. Subbarao. 2008. Effects of Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Burial Depths on Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, Ecology and Epidemiology https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-98-10-1144 on September 11, 2008.
  40. Xiong, L. and J. K. Zhu. 2002. Molecular and genetic aspects of plantresponses to osmotic stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25 : 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00782.x
  41. Yupsanis, T., M. Moustakas, and K. Domiandou. 1994. Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation in alfalfa seeds germination under salt stress. J. Plant Physiol. 143 : 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81693-7
  42. Zuo, Q, J. Kuai, L. Zhao, Z. Hu, J. Wu, and G. Zhou. 2017. The effect of sowing depth and soil compaction on the growth and yield of rapeseed in rice straw returning field. Field Crops Research. 203 : 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.016