DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Combined Extension Exercises for the Cervical and Thoracic Spine on the Activity of Erector Spinae Muscles

목뼈와 등뼈 폄 복합운동이 척주세움근 근활성도에 미치는 영향

  • Dae-Jin Kim (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan ) ;
  • Min-Hyeok Kang (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan)
  • 김대진 (부산가톨릭대학교 일반대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 강민혁 (부산가톨릭대학교 보건과학대학 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2023.09.27
  • Accepted : 2023.11.08
  • Published : 2023.12.31

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of new exercises (combined cervical and thoracic extension exercises) with those of conventional cervical extensor strengthening exercises (sitting cervical extension exercises) and thoracic extensor strengthening exercises (prone thoracic extension exercises). Method: Fifteen healthy subjects performed sitting cervical extension exercises, prone thoracic extension exercises, and combined cervical and thoracic extension exercises. During each exercise, electromyography was used to measure muscle activity in the erector spinae with C4 and T4 levels. The measured data were analyzed using one-way repeated analysis of variance. Results: With different exercises, there were significant differences in activity in the erector spinae muscle (p < 0.05). The activity in the erector spinae muscle increased significantly during the combined cervical and thoracic extension exercises compared to the sitting cervical extension (p < 0.05) and prone thoracic extension exercises (p < 0.05). The sitting cervical extension exercises significantly increased activity in the cervical erector spinae muscle compared to the prone thoracic extension exercises (p < 0.05). Activity in the thoracic erector spinae muscles was significantly increased during the prone thoracic extension exercises compared to during the sitting cervical extension exercises (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the newer exercises effectively increase activity in the cervical and thoracic extensor muscles.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2023년도 부산가톨릭대학교 교내연구비에 의하여 연구되었음.

References

  1. Alowa Z, Elsayed W. The impact of forward head posture on the electromyographic activity of the spinal muscles. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2020;16(2):224-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.021
  2. Baker V, Bennell K, Stillman B, et al. Abnormal knee joint position sense in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2002;20(2):208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00106-1
  3. Edmondston SJ, Chan HY, Ngai GC, et al. Postural neck pain: an investigation of habitual sitting posture, perception of good posture and cervicothoracic kinaesthesia. Manual Therapy. 2007;12(4):363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.07.007
  4. Goodarzi F, Rahnama L, Karimi N, et al. The effects of forward head posture on neck extensor muscle thickness: an ultrasonographic study. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2018;41(1):34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.07.012
  5. Hartley RA, Kordecki ME. Rehabilitation of chronic brachial plexusneuropraxia and loss of cervical extension in a highschool football player: a case report. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2018;13(6):1061-1072. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20181061
  6. Hislop HJ, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle testing: techniques of manual examination and performance testing. 9th ed. St. Louis. Elsevier. 2013.
  7. Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A. Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2012;35(7):568-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.07.008
  8. Jeon IC. Comparison of test-retest measurement reliability of iliopsoas strength between break and make test in subjects with lumbar extension syndrome. Journal of Musculoskeletal Science and Technology. 2019;3(2):54-58. https://doi.org/10.29273/jmst.2019.3.2.54
  9. Kang MH, Oh JS. Effects of a pelvic belt on hip muscle forces and abdominal muscle activities during isometric hip adduction and abduction. Physical Therapy Korea. 2017;24(2):19-26.
  10. Kang NY, Im SC, Kim K. Effects of a combination of scapular stabilization and thoracic extension exercises for office workers with forward head posture on the craniovertebral angle, respiration, pain, and disability: a randomized-controlled trial. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2021;67(3):291-299. https://doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2021.6397
  11. Kim SY, Kim TY. Theoretical basis and application of the neurac technique which uses the sling exercise therapy. The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy. 2006;12(2):52-65.
  12. Kramer J, Handfield T, Kiefer G, et al. Comparisons of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing tests of knee proprioception performed by patients with patello-femoral pain syndrome and asymptomatic individuals. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 1997;7(2):113-118. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199704000-00007
  13. Kwon YJ, Park SJ, Kim K. The effect of open and closed chain exercise on lower extremity muscle activity in adults. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2012;7(2):173-182. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2012.7.2.173
  14. Magee, David J. (2010). Orthopedic physical assessment 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders, Elsevier.
  15. Nam SH, Son SM, Kwon JW, et al. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the forward head posture assessment of normal healthy subjects. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(6):737-739. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.737
  16. Park KH, Kang MH, Kim TH, et al. Selective recruitment of the thoracic erector spinae during prone trunk-extension exercise. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2015;28(4):789-795. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150586
  17. Peolsson A, Brodin LA, Peolsson M. A tissue velocity ultrasound imaging investigation of the dorsal neck muscles during resisted isometric extension. Manual Therapy. 2010;15(6):567-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.06.007
  18. Pozzi F, Plummer HA, Sanchez N, et al. Electromyography activation of shoulder and trunk muscles is greater during closed chain compared to open chain exercises. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2022;62:102306.
  19. Prentice WE, Voight ML. Techniques in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. McGraw-Hill/Appleton &Lange. 2001.
  20. Raine S, Twomey L. Posture of the head, shoulders and thoracic spine in comfortable erect standing. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 1994;40(1):25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60451-7
  21. Rivard J, Unsleber C, Schomacher J, et al. Activation of the semispinalis cervicis and splenius capitis with cervical pulley exercises. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2017;30:56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2017.05.007
  22. Ruivo RM, Carita AI, Pezarat-Correia P. The effects of training and detraining after an 8 month resistance and stretching training program on forward head and protracted shoulder postures in adolescents: randomised controlled study. Manual Therapy. 2016;21:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.05.001
  23. Schomacher J, Erlenwein J, Dieterich A, et al. Can neck exercises enhance the activation of the semispinalis cervicis relative to the splenius capitis at specific spinal levels? Manual Therapy. 2015;20(5):694-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.04.010
  24. Sciascia A, Kuschinsky N, Nitz AJ, et al. Electromyographical comparison of four common shoulder exercises in unstable and stable shoulders. Rehabilitation Research and Practice. 2012;2012:783824.
  25. Stensdotter AK, Hodges PW, Mellor R, et al. Quadriceps activation in closed and in open kinetic chain exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2003;35(12):2043-2047. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000099107.03704.AE
  26. Tatsuhiro M, Keishoku S. Influence of different spinal alignments in sitting on trunk muscle activity. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(4):483-487. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.483
  27. Tsang SM, Chan KT, Ho PL, et al. Comparison between velocity-specific exercise and isometric exercise on neck muscle functions and performance: a randomised clinical trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2021;22(1):81.
  28. Tsang SMH, Szeto GPY, Xie YF, et al. Association of electromyographic activation patterns with pain and functional disability in people with chronic neck pain. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2018;118(7):1481-1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3878-z
  29. Vaughn DW, Brown EW. The influence of an in-home based therapeutic exercise program on thoracic kyphosis angles. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 2007;20(4):155-165. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-2007-20404
  30. Wang CH, McClure P, Pratt NE, et al. Stretching and strengthening exercises: their effect on three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999;80(8):923-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90084-9
  31. Won DY, Kim SY, Kim YS, et al. The effects of the neck extensor strength exercise and the thoracic extensor strength exercise on the forward head posture and the cervical range of motion. Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science. 2011;18(2):41-49.
  32. Youdas JW, Kleis M, Krueger ET, et al. Recruitment of shoulder complex and torso stabilizer muscles with rowing exercises using a suspension strap training system. Sports Health. 2021;13(1):85-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120945986