Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Characteristics Evaluation of Hobun Pigments according to Shell Types and Calcination

패각의 종류 및 소성 여부에 따른 호분안료의 특성 평가

  • Ju Hyun Park (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Sun Myung Lee (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Myoung Nam Kim (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jin Young Hong (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 박주현 (국립문화재연구원 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 이선명 (국립문화재연구원 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 김명남 (국립문화재연구원 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 홍진영 (국립문화재연구원 복원기술연구실)
  • Received : 2023.10.12
  • Accepted : 2023.11.21
  • Published : 2023.12.29
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Abstract

In this study, the material scientific characteristics of Hobun pigments used as white inorganic pigment for traditional cultural heritage were identified according to the type of shell and calcination and evaluated the stability of the preservation environment. For the purpose of this, we collected 2 different types of Hobun pigments made by oyster and clam shell and its calcined products(at 1,150℃). Hobun pigments before calcined identified calcium carbonate such as calcite, aragonite but calcination derived changing main composition to portlandite and calcite. Results of FE-SEM showed characteristics microstructure for each shell but pigments after calcined observed porous structure. Porous granule highly caused oil adsorption according to increase specific surface area of pigments. In addition, the whiteness improved after calcined pigments compared to non-calcined pigments, and the color improvement rate of Hobun pigment (CS) which made of clam shell was higher. As a result of the accelerated weathering test, the Hobun pigment-colored specimen had a color difference value of less than 2 after the test, which was difficult to recognize with the naked eye. In particular, the color stability has improved as the color difference value of the Hobun pigment is smaller after calcined compared to before non-calcined pigment. However, it was confirmed that the stability of the painting layer was lower in the specimen after calcined pigment. For antifungal activity test, Aspergillus niger, Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor were used as test fungi, and all pigments were found to have preventive and protective effects against fungi. Especially, the antifungal effect of the calcined pigment was excellent, which is due to the stronger basicity of the pigment.

본 연구는 전통적으로 채색문화유산의 백색 무기안료로 사용된 호분안료를 대상으로 패각의 종류 및 소성 여부에 따른 재료과학적 특성을 분석하고, 보존환경 안정성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 벚굴, 대합 패각 2종으로 제조된 호분과 이를 1,150 ℃에서 소성한 호분 2종을 수집하였다. 성분분석 결과, 소성 전의 호분안료는 calcite, aragonite 등의 탄산칼슘이고, 소성 후에는 portlandite가 주구성 물질로 calcite가 혼재되어 있었다. FE-SEM분석 결과, 소성 전에는 패각 종류에 따라 고유의 입형 조직을 보이지만 소성 후에는 다공성 입자의 조직 형태로 변하였다. 이에 따라 안료의 흡유량이 상당히 커지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한 소성 전보다 소성 후 백색도가 향상되는데, 대합 호분 안료(CS)의 색도 개선율이 더 높았다. 촉진내후성 시험 결과, 호분안료 채색시편은 시험 후 색차값이 2미만으로 육안으로 인지하기 어려운 정도였다. 특히 소성 전에 비해 소성 후 호분안료의 색차값이 작은 것으로 색 안정성이 높아진 것을 알 수 있다. 반면 소성 전보다 소성 후 시편에서 채색층 도막의 안정성이 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다. 항진균 효과는 공시균으로 Aspergillus niger, Tyromyces palustris, Trametes versicolor를 사용하였고, 호분안료가 곰팡이균에 대한 예방 보호적 효과가 있는 것으로 드러났다. 특히 소성과정을 거친 안료의 항진균 효과가 우수했는데, 이는 안료의 재료적 특성상 염기성이 강해진 것에 기인된 결과로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 문화재청 국립문화재연구원 문화유산 조사연구(R&D) 사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었다.

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