Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제45권4호
  • /
  • Pages.563-577
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental and numerical investigation of RC frames strengthened with a hybrid seismic retrofit system

  • Luat, Nguyen-Vu (Deep Learning Architecture Research Center, Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University) ;
  • Lee, Hongseok (Deep Learning Architecture Research Center, Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University) ;
  • Shin, Jiuk (Department of Architectural Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Ji-Hun (Division of Architecture and Urban Design, Incheon National University) ;
  • Ahn, Tae-Sang (Research Center, Korea Disaster Prevention Technology) ;
  • Lee, Kihak (Deep Learning Architecture Research Center, Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University)
  • 투고 : 2021.06.16
  • 심사 : 2022.11.15
  • 발행 : 2022.11.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of a new seismic enhancement method for existing reinforced concrete (RC) frames by using an external sub-structure, the hybrid seismic retrofit method (HSRM) system. This retrofit system is an H-shaped frame bolt-connected to an existing RC frame with an infilled-concrete layer between their gaps. Two RC frames were built, one with and one without HSRM, and tested under cyclic loading. The experimental findings showed that the retrofitted RC frame was superior to the non-retrofitted specimen in terms of initial stiffness, peak load, and energy dissipation capacity. A numerical simulation using a commercial program was employed for verification with the experiments. The results obtained from the simulations were consistent with those from the experiments, indicating the finite element (FE) models can simulate the seismic behaviors of bare RC frame and retrofitted RC frame using HSRM.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by Korea Disaster Prevention Technology Company. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude for their support.

참고문헌

  1. Achillopoulou, D.V., Kiziridou, A.N., Papachatzakis, G.A. and Karabinis, A.I. (2016), "Investigation of interface response of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with composites", Steel Compos. Struct., 22(6), 1337-1358. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.22.6.1337.
  2. ACI Committee 318 (2014), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI318-14), Farmington Hills, MI, USA.
  3. Akbar, J., Ahmad, N., Alam, B. and Ashraf, M. (2018), "Seismic performance of RC frames retrofitted with haunch technique", Struct. Eng. Mech. An Int. J., 67(1), 1-8.
  4. Ali Dadvar, S., Mostofinejad, D. and Bahmani, H., (2020), "Strengthening of RC columns by ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) jacketing", Constr. Build. Mater., 235, 117485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117485.
  5. Bansal, P.P., Sharma, R. and Mehta, A. (2016), "Retrofitting of RC girders using pre-stressed CFRP sheets", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(4), 833-849. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.4.833.
  6. Bhargawa, A., Roddis, W.M.K., Marzougui, D. and K.Mohan, P. (2006), "Analysis of extended end-plate connections under cyclic loading using the LS-DYNA implicit solver", 9th International LS-DYNA Conference. Detroit: DYNAlook.
  7. Bush, T.D., Jones, E.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1991), "Behavior of RC frame strengthened using structural steel bracing", J. Struct. Eng., 117(4), 1115-1126. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:4(1115)
  8. Cao, X.Y., Feng, D.C. and Wu, G. (2019), "Seismic performance upgrade of RC frame buildings using precast bolt-connected steel-plate reinforced concrete frame-braces", Eng. Struct., 195(April), 382-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.06.007.
  9. Chen, X., Ding, M., Zhang, X., Liu, Z. and Ma, H. (2018), "Experimental investigation on seismic retrofit of gravity railway bridge pier with CFRP and steel materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 182, 371-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.102.
  10. Cheng, S.G., Zhu, Y.X., Zhang, W.P. and Shi, T.H. (2021), "Study on the seismic performance of retrofitted RC frames with RC infill wall mega braces", Eng. Struct., 233, 111911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111911
  11. Choi, S.W., Kim, Y. and Park, H.S. (2014), "Multi-objective seismic retrofit method for using FRP jackets in shear-critical reinforced concrete frames", Compos. Part B Eng., 56, 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.049.
  12. Choi, S.W., Park, S.W. and Park, H.S. (2017), "Multi-objective design model for retrofit of reinforced concrete frames with infilled walls using FRP bracings", Constr. Build. Mater., 140, 454-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.154.
  13. Crawford, J.E., Wu, Y., Choi, H.J., Magallanes, J.M. and Lan, S. (2012), "Use and validation of the release III K&C concrete material model in LS-DYNA", Karagozian & Case, Glendale.
  14. Dang-Vu, H., Shin, J. and Lee, K. (2020), "Seismic fragility assessment of columns in a piloti-type building retrofitted with additional shear walls, Sustainability, 12(16), 6530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166530
  15. Dang, H.V., Lee, K., Han, S.W. and Kim, S.J. (2018), "Experimental assessment of the effects of biaxial bending moment and axial force on reinforced concrete corner columns", Struct. Concr., 19(4), 1063-1078. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201700211.
  16. Ding, F.X., Yin, G.A., Wang, H.B., Wang, L. and Guo, Q. (2017), "Behavior of headed shear stud connectors subjected to cyclic loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 25(6), 705-716. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.25.6.705.
  17. Eldin, M.N., Dereje, A.J. and Kim, J. (2020), "Seismic retrofit of RC buildings using self-centering PC frames with frictiondampers", Eng. Struct., 208(August 2019), 109925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109925.
  18. FEMA 461 (2007), Interim Testing Protocols for Determining the Seismic Performance Characteristics of Structural and Nonstructural Components. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  19. Ghobarah, A., El-Attar, M. and Aly, N.M. (2000), "Evaluation of retrofit strategies for reinforced concrete columns: A case study", Eng. Struct., 22(5), 490-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00137-0.
  20. Grassl, P. and Jirasek, M. (2006), "Damage-plastic model for concrete failure", Int. J. Solids Struct., 43(22-23), 7166-7196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.06.032
  21. Hallquist, J. (2009), "Recent developments in LS-DYNA", 7th European LS-DYNA Conference, 1-52.
  22. Hamdia, K.M., Msekh, M.A., Silani, M., Vu-Bac, N., Zhuang, X., Nguyen-Thoi, T. and Rabczuk, T. (2015), "Uncertainty quantification of the fracture properties of polymeric nanocomposites based on phase field modeling", Compos. Struct., 133, 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.051.
  23. Javadi, P. and Yamakawa, T. (2019), "Strength and ductility type retrofit of soft-first-story RC frames through the steel-jacketed non-reinforced thick hybrid wall", Eng. Struct., 186(December 2018), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.013.
  24. Javidan, M.M., Nasab, M.S.E. and Kim, J. (2021), "Full-scale tests of two-story RC frames retrofitted with steel plate multi-slit dampers", Steel Compos. Struct., 39(5), 645.
  25. Le-Trung, K., Lee, K., Lee, J., Lee, D.H. and Woo, S. (2010), "Experimental study of RC beam-column joints strengthened using CFRP composites", Compos. Part B Eng., 41(1), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.06.005.
  26. Livermore Software Technology Corporation (2017a), Keyword User's Manual, Volume I R10.0. Livermore, CA, USA.
  27. Livermore Software Technology Corporation (2017b), Keyword User's Manual, Volume II: Material Models R10.0.0. Livermore, CA, USA.
  28. Luat, N.V., Shin, J. and Lee, K. (2020), "Hybrid BART-based models optimized by nature-inspired metaheuristics to predict ultimate axial capacity of CCFST columns", Eng. Comput., 1-30.
  29. Luat, N.V., Nguyen, V.Q., Lee, S., Woo, S. and Lee, K. (2020), "An evolutionary hybrid optimization of MARS model in predicting settlement of shallow foundations on sandy soils", Geoemechanics Eng., 21(6), 583-598. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.6.583.
  30. Luat, N.V., Shin, J., Park, J.H. and Lee, K. (2021), "Experimental and numerical investigation on seismic performance of retrofitted RC columns with web direct/indirect bonding external H-section", J. Build. Eng., 44, 103404. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2021.103404.
  31. Mahdavi, N. and Tasnimi, A.A. (2019), "Flexural behavior of retrofitted RC columns by FRP-MF, Experimental approach", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.347.
  32. Malvar, L.J. and Crawford, J.E. (1998), "Dynamic increase factors for concrete", Twenty-Eighth DDESB Seminar. Orlando, FL: Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center Port hueneme CA.
  33. Mazzolani, F.M. (2008), "Innovative metal systems for seismic upgrading of RC structures", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64(7-8), 882-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.12.017
  34. Mohammed, A.A., Manalo, A.C., Maranan, G.B., Zhuge, Y., Vijay, P.V. and Pettigrew, J. (2019), "Behavior of damaged concrete columns repaired with novel FRP jacket", J. Compos. Construct., 23(3), 04019013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000942.
  35. Mohammed, A.A., Manalo, A., Ferdous, W., Abousnina, R., AlAjarmeh, O., Vijay, P.V. and Benmokrane, B. (2021), "Design considerations for prefabricated composite jackets for structural repair: Parametric investigation and case study", Compos. Struct., 261(October 2020), 113288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113288.
  36. Naeem, A. and Kim, J., (2018), "Seismic retrofit of a framed structure using damped cable systems", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(3), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.3.287.
  37. Nateghi-A, F. (1995), "Seismic strengthening of eightstorey RC apartment building using steel braces", Eng. Struct., 17(6), 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00071-E
  38. Nguyen, M.S.T., Trinh, M.C. and Kim, S.E. (2021), "Uncertainty quantification of ultimate compressive strength of CCFST columns using hybrid machine learning model", Eng. Comput., 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-021-01339-1.
  39. Nguyen, M.S.T., Thai, D.K. and Kim, S.E. (2020), "Predicting the axial compressive capacity of circular concrete filled steel tube columns using an artificial neural network", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(3), 415-437. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.3.415.
  40. Park, R. (1989), "Evaluation of ductility of structures and structural assemblages from laboratory testing", Bull. New Zeal. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 22(3), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.3.155-166
  41. Park, Y.J., Ang, A.H.S. and Wen, Y.K. (1985), "Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings", J. Struct. Eng., 111(4), 740-757. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(740)
  42. Pincheira, J.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1995), "Seismic response of RC frames retrofitted with steel braces or walls", J. Struct. Eng., 121(8), 1225-1235. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:8(1225)
  43. Qiu, F., Li, W., Pan, P. and Qian, J. (2002), "Experimental tests on reinforced concrete columns under biaxial quasi-static loading", Eng. Struct., 24(4), 419-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00108-0.
  44. Rahimi, A. and Maheri, M.R. (2020), "The effects of steel X-brace retrofitting of RC frames on the seismic performance of frames and their elements", Eng. Struct., 206, 110149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110149
  45. Rodrigues, H., Varum, H., Arede, A. and Costa, A., (2012), "A comparative analysis of energy dissipation and equivalent viscous damping of RC columns subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading", Eng. Struct., 35, 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.014.
  46. Rodriguez, M. and Park, R. (1991), "Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete buildings for seismic resistance", Earthq. Spectra, 7(3), 439-459. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585636
  47. Saberi, H., Bui, T. Q., Furukawa, A., Rahai, A. and Hirose, S. (2020), "FRP-confined concrete model based on damageplasticity and phase-field approaches", Compos. Struct., 244(October 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112263.
  48. Seo, J., Kim, Y.J. and Zandyavari, S. (2015), "Response surface Metamodel-based performance reliability for reinforced concrete beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets", Spec. Publ., 304, 1-20.
  49. Shayanfar, J., Omidalizadeh, M. and Nematzadeh, M. (2020), "Analysis-oriented model for seismic assessment of RC jacket retrofitted columns", Steel Compos. Struct., 37(3), 371-390. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.3.371.
  50. Shin, J., Jeon, J.S. and Wright, T.R. (2019), "Seismic mobile shaker testing of full-scale RC building frames with highstrength NSM-FRP hybrid retrofit system", Compos. Struct., 226, 111207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111207
  51. Shin, J. and Jeon, J.S. (2019), "Retrofit scheme of FRP jacketing system for blast damage mitigation of non-ductile RC building frames", Compos. Struct., 228(April), 111328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111328.
  52. Stazi, F., Serpilli, M., Maracchini, G. and Pavone, A. (2019), "An experimental and numerical study on CLT panels used as infill shear walls for RC buildings retrofit", Constr. Build. Mater., 211, 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.196.
  53. Su, L., Li, X. and Wang, Y. (2016), "Experimental study and modelling of CFRP-confined damaged and undamaged square RC columns under cyclic loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 21(2), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.21.2.411.
  54. Sutcu, F., Takeuchi, T. and Matsui, R. (2014), "Seismic retrofit design method for RC buildings using buckling-restrained braces and steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 101, 304-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.05.023.
  55. Takiguchi, K. (2003), "An investigation into the behavior and strength of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with ferrocement jackets", Cem. Concr. Compos., 25(2), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00005-7
  56. Tasai, A., Nagayama, K., Katsumata, H., Sano, T. and Seki, M. (2004), "Strength of joint in seismic retrofit using outer-frame for existing rc buildings", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Vancouver, Canada: International Association for Earthquake Engineering.
  57. Tastani, S.P. and Pantazopoulou, S.J. (2004), "Experimental evaluation of FRP jackets in upgrading RC corroded columns with substandard detailing", Eng. Struct., 26(6), 817-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.003
  58. Truong, G.T., Kim, J.C. and Choi, K.K. (2017), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by various methods", Eng. Struct., 134, 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.046.
  59. Wang, Q., Shi, Q. and Tian, H. (2015), "Seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) joints with new-type section steel under cyclic loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(6), 1561-1580. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.6.1561.
  60. Watanabe, K., Niwa, J., Yokota, H. and Iwanami, M. (2004), "Experimental study on stress-strain curve of concrete considering localized failure in compression", J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 2(3), 395-407. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.2.395
  61. Xiao, Y. and Wu, H. (2003), "Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Partially Stiffened Steel Jackets", J. Struct. Eng., 129(6), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(725)
  62. Yang, C.S.W., DesRoches, R. and Leon, R.T. (2010), "Design and analysis of braced frames with shape memory alloy and energyabsorbing hybrid devices", Eng. Struct., 32(2), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.10.011
  63. Yokouchi, H., Kitajima, K., Nakanishi, M., Adachi, H. and Aoyama, H. (2005), "Experimental study on retrofit effect of an existing R/C school building retrofitted with energy dissipation devices", J. Struct. Constr. Eng.(Trans. Archit. Inst. Japan), 592, 145-152.
  64. Wu, Y. and Crawford, J.E. (2015), "Numerical modeling of concrete using a partially associative plasticity model", J. Eng. Mech., 141(12), 04015051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000952.
  65. Youssef, M.A., Ghaffarzadeh, H. and Nehdi, M. (2007), "Seismic performance of RC frames with concentric internal steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 29(7), 1561-1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.027.
  66. Zahrai, S.M., Moradi, A. and Moradi, M. (2015), "Using friction dampers in retrofitting a steel structure with masonry infill panels", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(2), 309-325. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.2.309.
  67. Zou, X.K., Teng, J.G., De Lorenzis, L. and Xia, S.H. (2007), "Optimal performance-based design of FRP jackets for seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete frames", Compos. Part B Eng., 38(5-6), 584-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.07.016.