Smart Structures and Systems

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Multi-resolution bolt preload monitoring based on the acoustoelastic effect of ultrasonic guided waves

  • Fu, Ruili (College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Mao, Ruiwei (College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University) ;
  • Yuan, Bo (School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) ;
  • Chen, Dongdong (College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University) ;
  • Huo, Linsheng (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology)
  • Received : 2022.01.14
  • Accepted : 2022.09.10
  • Published : 2022.11.25
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Abstract

During the long-time service of a bolt, its preload may suffer slight perturbations or significant reductions. It is a dilemma to monitor preload changes at high resolution and full scale. Approaches for bolt preload monitoring with multi-resolution should be developed. In this paper, a simple and effective multi-resolution bolt preload monitoring approach using ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) is proposed. A linear relationship between the time-of-flight (TOF) variation of multi-reflected waves and preload is derived to theoretically reveal the multi-resolution properties of UGW. The variations of TOF before and after the slight preload perturbations are extracted by using a global evaluation method. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-reflected UGWs is larger than 20 dB. The resolution of the 2nd-reflected UGW is higher than that of the 1st-reflected UGW and lower than that of the 3rd-reflected UGW. The ultimate detectable resolutions of bolt preload (DRBP) of the 1st and 3th-reflected UGWs are 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively. By using the 1st and 3th-reflected guided waves, the bolt looseness with different degrees can be monitored simultaneously.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research is financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M711018), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20220980), Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No. 2022ZB169), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. B220201045) and the Key Laboratory of Concrete and Pre-stressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education (Grant No. CPCSME2022-02). The authors would like to thank for the financial supports.

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