Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Wind tunnel investigation on wind characteristics of flat and mountainous terrain

  • Li, Jiawu (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Wang, Jun (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Yang, Shucheng (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Wang, Feng (School of Highway, Chang'an University) ;
  • Zhao, Guohui (School of Highway, Chang'an University)
  • Received : 2021.03.22
  • Accepted : 2022.08.04
  • Published : 2022.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Wind tunnel test is often adopted to assess the site-specific wind characteristics for the design of bridges as suggested by current design standards. To investigate the wind characteristics of flat and mountainous terrain, two topographic models are tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The wind characteristics, including the vertical and horizontal mean wind speed distributions, the turbulence intensity, and the wind power spectra, are presented. They are investigated intensively in present study with the discussions on the effect of wind direction and the effect of topography. It is indicated that for flat terrain, the wind direction has negligible effect on the wind characteristics, however, the assumption of a homogenous wind field for the mountainous terrain is not applicable. Further, the non-homogeneous wind field can be defined based on a proposed approach if the wind tunnel test or on-site measurement is performed. The calculated turbulence intensities and wind power spectra by using the measured wind speeds are also given. It is shown that for the mountainous terrain, engineers should take into account the variability of the wind characteristics for design considerations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978077) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

  1. ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2017), SEI/ASCE 7-16, Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, USA.
  2. Banik, S.S., Hong, H.P. and Kopp, G.A. (2010), "Assessment of capacity curves for transmission line towers under wind loading", Wind Struct., 13(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.1.001.
  3. Bowen, A.J. (2003), "Modelling of strong wind flows over complex terrain at small geometric scales", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(12-15), 1859-1871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2003.09.029.
  4. Bowen, A.J. and Lindley, D. (1977), "A wind-tunnel investigation of the wind speed and turbulence characteristics close to the ground over various escarpment shapes", Bound. - Lay. Meteorol., 12(3), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121466.
  5. Davenport, A.F. (1965), "The relationship of wind structure to wind loading", Proceedings of the Conf. on Wind Effects on Buildings & Structures, HMSO (Vol. 54).
  6. Fenerci, A., O iseth, O. and Ronnquist, A. (2017), "Long-term monitoring of wind field characteristics and dynamic response of a long-span suspension bridge in complex terrain", Eng. Struct., 147, 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.070.
  7. Hertig, J.A. and Liska, P. (1983), "Simulations of regional atmospheric flows on small scale topographical models", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 15(1-3), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(83)90179-4.
  8. Huang, G., Cheng, X., Peng, L. and Li, M. (2018), "Aerodynamic shape of transition curve for truncated mountainous terrain model in wind field simulation", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 178, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.05.008.
  9. Hui, M.C.H., Larsen, A. and Xiang, H.F. (2009a), "Wind turbulence characteristics study at the Stonecutters Bridge site: Part I-Mean wind and turbulence intensities", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 97(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.11.002.
  10. Hui, M.C.H., Larsen, A. and Xiang, H.F. (2009b), "Wind turbulence characteristics study at the Stonecutters Bridge site: Part II: Wind power spectra, integral length scales and coherences", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 97(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.11.003.
  11. Jackson, P.S. and Hunt, J.C.R. (1975), "Turbulent wind flow over a low hill", Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 929-955. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710143015.
  12. JTG/T3360-01-2018 (2018), Wind-resistant Design Specification for Hignway Bridges, Ministry of Coummunications of the People's Republic of China; Beijing, China.
  13. Kaimal, J., Wyngaard, J., Izumi, Y. and Cote, O. (1972), "Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence", Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 563-589. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709841707.
  14. Li, Y.L., Hu, P., Xu, X.Y. and Qiu, J.J. (2017a), "Wind characteristics at bridge site in a deep-cutting gorge by wind tunnel test", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 160, 30-46. https://doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2016.11.002.
  15. Li, Y.L., Xu, X.Y., Zhang, M.J. and Xu, Y.L. (2017b), "Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind characteristics at a bridge site in mountainous terrain", Adv. Struct. Eng., 20(8), 1223-1231. https://doi:10.1177/1369433216673377.
  16. Lystad, T.M., Fenerci, A. and Oiseth, O. (2018), "Evaluation of mast measurements and wind tunnel terrain models to describe spatially variable wind field characteristics for long-span bridge design", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 179, 558-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.06.021.
  17. Meroney, R.N. (1980), "Wind-tunnel simulation of the flow over hills and complex terrain", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 5(3-4), 297-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(80)90039-2.
  18. Nemoto, S. (1961), "Similarity between natural wind in the atmosphere and model wind in a wind tunnel (II)", Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 12(1), 30-52. https://doi.org/10.2467/mripapers1950.12.2_117.
  19. Simiu, E. and Scanlan, R.H. (1996). Wind effects on structures : fundamentals and applications to design, (3th Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. USA.
  20. Song, J.L., Li, J.W. and Flay, R.G.J. (2020), "Field measurements and wind tunnel investigation of wind characteristics at a bridge site in a Y-shaped valley", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 202, 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104199.
  21. Tang, H., Li, Y. and Shum, K. M. (2017), "Flutter performance of long-span suspension bridges under non-uniform inflow", Adv. Struct. Eng., 21, 136943321771392. https://doi:10.1177/1369433217713926.
  22. Tang, H., Li, Y., Shum, K.M., Xu, X. and Tao, Q. (2020), "Nonuniform wind characteristics in mountainous areas and effects on flutter performance of a long-span suspension bridge", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 201, 104177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104177.
  23. von Karman, T. (1948), "Progress in the statistical theory of turbulence", P. Natl. A. Sci., 34(11), 530-539. https://doi:10.1073/pnas.34.11.530.
  24. Yan, L., Guo, Z., Zhu, L. and Flay, R. (2016), "Wind tunnel study of Wind structure at a mountainous bridge location", Wind Struct., 23(3), 191-209. https://doi:10.12989/was.2016.23.3.191.
  25. Ye, Z., Li, N. and Zhang, F. (2019), "Wind characteristics and responses of Xihoumen Bridge during typhoons based on field monitoring", J. Civil Struct. Health Monit,, 9(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-019-00325-y.
  26. Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Li, Y. and Fang, C. (2020). "Comparison of wind characteristics at different heights of deep-cut canyon based on field measurement", Adv. Struct. Eng., 23(2), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219868074.
  27. Zhu, L.D. and Xu, Y.L. (2005), "Buffeting response of long-span cable-supported bridges under skew winds. Part 1: theory", J. Sound Vib., 281(3-5), 647-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.026.