Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Degree of hydration-based thermal stress analysis of large-size CFST incorporating creep

  • Xie, Jinbao (Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University) ;
  • Sun, Jianyuan (Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University) ;
  • Bai, Zhizhou (Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University)
  • Received : 2021.03.21
  • Accepted : 2022.10.26
  • Published : 2022.10.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the span and arch rib size of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) arch bridges increase, the hydration heat of pumped mass concrete inside large-size steel tube causes a significant temperature variation, leading to a risk of thermal stress-induced cracking during construction. In order to tackle this phenomenon, a hydration heat conduction model based on hydration degree was established through a nonlinear temperature analysis incorporating an exothermic hydration process to obtain the temperature field of large-size CFST. Subsequently, based on the evolution of elastic modulus based on hydration degree and early-age creep rectification, the finite element model (FEM) model and analytical study were respectively adopted to investigate the variation of the thermal stress of CFST during hydration heat release, and reasonable agreement between the results of two methods is found. Finally, a comparative study of the thermal stress with and without considering early-age creep was conducted.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778466).

References

  1. Amin, M.N., Kim, J.-S., Lee, Y. and Kim, J.-K. (2009), "Simulation of the thermal stress in mass concrete using a thermal stress measuring device", Cement Concrete Res., 39(3), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.12.008.
  2. Azenha, M. and Faria, R. (2008), "Temperatures and stresses due to cement hydration on the R/C foundation of a wind tower-A case study", Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2392-2400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.018.
  3. Azenha, M., Sousa, C., Faria, R. and Neves, A. (2011), "Thermo-hygro-mechanical modelling of self-induced stresses during the service life of RC structures", Eng. Struct., 33(12), 3442-3453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.07.008.
  4. Baant, Z.P. and Najjar, L.J. (1972), "Nonlinear water diffusion in nonsaturated concrete", Materiaux Et Construct., 5(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479073.
  5. Bazant, Z.P. (1988), Mathematical Modelling of Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete, Wiley, New York, USA.
  6. Bazant, Z.P., Kim, J.K. and Jeon, S.E. (2003), "Cohesive fracturing and stresses caused by hydration heat in massive concrete wall", J. Eng. Mech. ASCE, 129(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:1(21).
  7. Ben Ftima, M., Joder, M. and Yildiz, E. (2020), "Creep modelling for multi-physical simulation of mass concrete structures using the explicit finite element approach", Eng. Struct., 212 110538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110538.
  8. Benboudjema, F. and Torrenti, J.M. (2008), "Early-age behaviour of concrete nuclear containments", Nuclear Eng. Des., 238(10), 2495-2506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.04.009.
  9. Bentz, D.P. (2008), "A review of early-age properties of cementbased materials", Cement Concrete Res., 38(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.005.
  10. Bentz, D.P., Garboczi, E.J., Haecker, C.J. and Jensen, O.M. (1999), "Effects of cement particle size distribution on performance properties of Portland cement-based materials", Cement Concrete Rese., 29(10), 1663-1671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00163-5.
  11. Bentz, D.P., Waller, V. and de Larrard, F. (1998), "Prediction of adiabatic temperature rise in conventional and highperformance concretes using a 3-D microstructural model", Cement Concrete Res., 28(2), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00264-0.
  12. Bertagnoli, G., Gino, D. and Martinelli, E. (2017), "A simplified method for predicting early-age stresses in slabs of steelconcrete composite beams in partial interaction", Eng. Struct., 140, 286-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.058.
  13. Briffaut, M., Benboudjema, F., Torrenti, J.M. and Nahas, G. (2012), "Effects of early-age thermal behaviour on damage risks in massive concrete structures", Europ. J. Environ. Civil Eng., 16(5), 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2012.668016
  14. Byfors, J. (1980), Plain Concrete at Early Age, CBI
  15. Cha, S.L., Jin, S.S., An, G.H. and Kim, J.K. (2018), "A prediction approach of concrete properties at early ages by using a thermal stress device", Construct. Build. Mater., 178, 120-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.143.
  16. Chen, B.C. (1999), Design and Construction of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge, China Communications Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
  17. Chen, B.C., Wei, J.G., Zhou, J. and Liu, J.P. (2017), "Current situation and prospect of application of concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge in China", Civil Eng. J., 6, 50-61. (in Chinese).
  18. Chen, Z.P., Liu, X. and Zhou, W.X. (2018), "Residual bond behavior of high strength concrete-filled square steel tube after elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(4), 509-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.4.509.
  19. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China (2013), Technical Specification for Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge(GB 50923-2013), China Planning Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
  20. Cook, W.D., Miao, B.Q., Aitcin, P.C. and Mitchell, D. (1992), "Thermal-stresses in large high-strength concrete columns", ACI Mater. J., 89(1), 61-68.
  21. De Schutter, G. and Taerwe, L. (1996), "Degree of hydrationbased description of mechanical properties of early age concrete", Mater. Struct., 29(190), 335-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486341.
  22. Du, C.J. and Liu, G.T. (1994), "Numerical procedure for thermal creep stress in mass concrete structures", Comm. Numer. Methods Eng., 10(7), 545-554. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100706.
  23. Fairbairn, E.M.R. and Azenha, M. (2019), Thermal Cracking of Massive Concrete Structures, RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports 27, Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
  24. Franssen, J. and Gernay, T. (2017), "Modeling structures in fire with SAFIR (R): theoretical background and capabilities", J. Struct. Fire Eng., 8(3), 300-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSFE07-2016-0010.
  25. Gao, W.W. (2016), "Experimental and numerical analysis on hydration heat of long-span concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge", Railw. Construct., 8, 35-38. (in Chinese).
  26. Gao, Y., Zhang, J. and Han, P. (2013), "Determination of stress relaxation parameters of concrete in tension at early-age by ring test", Construction Build. Mater., 41, 152-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.004.
  27. Gawin, D., Majorana, C.E. and Schrefler, B.A. (1999), "Numerical analysis of hygro-thermal behaviour and damage of concrete at high temperature", Mech. Cohesive-frictional Mater., 4(1), 37-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099- 1484(199901)4:1<37::AID-CFM58>3.0.CO;2-S.
  28. Gino, D., Bertagnoli, G. and Mancini, G. (2016). "Effect of endogenous deformations on composite bridges, Recent Progress in Steel and Composite Structures", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Metal Structures, ICMS 2016, Zielona Gora, Poland, 15-17 June.
  29. Gutsch, A.W. (1998), Properties of Fresh Concrete, Experiments and Modeling, TU Braunschweig
  30. Han, L.H., Li, W. and Bjorhovde, R. (2014), "Developments and advanced applications of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures: Members", J. Construct. Steel Res., 100 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.016.
  31. Han, L.H., Yang, Y.F., Li, Y.J. and Feng, B. (2005), Hydration Heat and Shrinkage of HSS Columns Filled with Self-Consolidating Concrete, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford.
  32. He, C. (2012 ), Numerical Study on the Temperature Field and Thermal Stress of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China (in Chinese).
  33. Hossain, A.B. and Weiss, J. (2004), "Assessing residual stress development and stress relaxation in restrained concrete ring specimens", Cem. Concr. Compos., 26(5), 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00069-6.
  34. American Concrete Institute (2005), Guide to Mass Concrete (ACI 207.1R-05).
  35. British Standards Institution (2005), BS EN 1994-2: 2005 Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures.
  36. Architectural Institute of Japan (2009), Building Construction Standard Specifications JASS 5 Reinforced Concrete Construction.
  37. Jedrzejewska, A., Benboudjema, F., Lacarriere, L., Azenha, M., Schlicke, D., Dal Pont, S., Delaplace, A., Granja, J., Hajkova, K., Heinrich, P.J., Sciume, G., Strieder, E., Stierschneider, E., Smilauer, V. and Troyan, V. (2018), "COST TU1404 benchmark on macroscopic modelling of concrete and concrete structures at early age: Proof-of-concept stage", Construct. Build. Mater., 174, 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.088.
  38. Jendele, L., Smilauer, V. and Cervenka, J. (2014), "Multiscale hydro-thermo-mechanical model for early-age and mature concrete structures", Adv. Eng. Softw., 72, 134-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.05.002.
  39. Jiang, W., De Schutter, G. and Yuan, Y. (2014), "Degree of hydration based prediction of early age basic creep and creep recovery of blended concrete", Cem. Concr. Compos., 48 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.10.012.
  40. Kim, J.-H.J., Jeon, S.-E. and Kim, J.-K. (2002), "Development of new device for measuring thermal stresses", Cement Concrete Res., 32(10), 1645-1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00842-6.
  41. Li, H., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Yao, T., Tian, Q. and Li, S. (2015), "Deformation and cracking modeling for early-age sidewall concrete based on the multi-field coupling mechanism", Construct. Build. Mater., 88, 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.005.
  42. Lin, C.J., Zheng, J.L. and Huang, H.D. (2010), "Study on the calculation closure temperature of the concrete arch rib in steel pipe", Academic Reports of Guangxi University.
  43. Liu, J., Tian, Q. and Miao, C. (2012), "Investigation on the plastic shrinkage of cementitious materials under drying conditions: mechanism and theoretical model", Mag. Concrete Res., 64(6), 550-561. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.11.00037.
  44. Maekawa, K., Ishida, T. and Kishi, T. (2008), Multi-Scale Modeling of Structural Concrete, Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
  45. Moon, J.H. and Weiss, J. (2006), "Estimating residual stress in the restrained ring test under circumferential drying", Cem. Concr. Compos., 28(5), 486-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.10.008.
  46. Ning, L. and Guang Ting, L. (1996), "Spectral stochastic finite element analysis of periodic random thermal creep stress in concrete", Eng. Struct., 18(9), 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(96)00015-6.
  47. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2009), AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Washington, D.C.
  48. Sfikas, I.P., Ingham, J. and Baber, J. (2017), "Using finite-element analysis to assess the thermal behaviour of concrete structures", Concrete Soc.: Concrete Mag., 50-52.
  49. Simos, N., Fallier, M., Joos, T., Johnson, E. and Soueid, A. (2020), "Thermally induced cracking on the massive concrete structure of the NSLS II synchrotron and its engineering remediation", Eng. Struct., 212, 110519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110519.
  50. Sun, G. (2010 ), Theory and Application Study of Sunshine Temperature Effects on Long-Span CFST Arch Bridges, Shandong University, Jinan, China (in Chinese).
  51. Sun, G.F. and Yan, M.W. (2012). "Numerical simulation of crosssection temperature during the hydration process of a complex binder about CFST arch rib", International Conference on Mechanic Automation & Control Engineering.
  52. Sun, J. and Xie, J. (2019), "Simulation analysis of the hydration heat of large diameter CFST arch and its effects on loading age", Appl. Thermal Eng., 150, 482-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.022.
  53. Sun, J. and Xie, J. (2019), "Thermal stress of concrete-filled steel tube arch during hardening process based on equivalent age method", J. Tongji Univ., 47(06), 755-763. http://dx.doi.org/10.11908/j.issn.0253-374x.2019.06.003.
  54. Sun, J., Xie, J. and Zhang, Z. (2020). "Simulation Analysis of Thermal Stress of CFST Arch Bridge During Exothermic Hydration Process", Comput. Experiment. Simul. Eng., Cham.
  55. Tang, C.W. (2018), "Fire resistance of high strength concrete filled steel tubular columns under combined temperature and loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 27(2), 243-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.2.243
  56. Tufail, M., Shahzada, K., Gencturk, B. and Wei, J. (2017), "Effect of elevated temperature on mechanical properties of limestone, quartzite and granite concrete", Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 11(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-016-0175-2.
  57. Wang, J. (2015 ), Research on Temperature Field and Temperature Effect for Dumbbell-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
  58. Wright, J.R., Rajabipour, F., Laman, J.A. and Radlinska, A. (2014), "Causes of early age cracking on concrete bridge deck expansion joint repair sections", Adv. Civil Eng., 2014 407-416. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/103421.
  59. Wu, Y. and Luna, R. (2001), "Numerical implementation of temperature and creep in mass concrete", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 37(2), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00022-6.
  60. Xuan, J., xiang, H. and Lu, K. (2010), "Analysis of temperature field and stress of concrete hydration heat of arch ribs of a concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge", Bridge Construct., 3, 29-32+46 (in Chinese).
  61. Yang, B., Huang, J.H., Lin, C.J., Wen, X.K. and Liu, M.J. (2011), "Experimental study on temperature fields of dumbbell-shape section of cfst arch rib and its effects", Adv. Mater. Res., 163-167 2564-2570. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.163-167.2564.
  62. Yang, B., Huang, J.H., Lin, C.J., Wen, X.K. and Liu, M.J. (2011), "Temperature effects and calculation method of closure temperatures for concrete-filled steel tube arch rib of dumbbellshape section", Open Civil Eng. J., 5(1), 179-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501105010179.
  63. Yikici, T.A. and Chen, H.L. (2015), "Use of maturity method to estimate compressive strength of mass concrete", Construct. Build. Mater., 95, 802-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.026.
  64. Zhang, J., Qi, K. and Hou, D.W. (2009), "Calculation of temperature fields in early age concrete based on adiabatic test", Eng. Mech., 26(08), 155-160.
  65. Zhang, J., Qi, K. and Zhang, M.H. (2007), "Calculation of the thermal stresses in concrete pavements at early ages", Eng. Mech., 24(11), 136-145. https://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2007.11.136
  66. Zheng, J. and Wang, J. (2018), "Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China", Engineering, 4(1), 143-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.003.
  67. Zhu, B.F. (2013), Thermal Stresses and Temperature Control of Mass Concrete, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.