Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

The Korean Vaccine Society (대한백신학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison and efficacy of two different sheep pox vaccines prepared from the Bakırköy strain against lumpy skin disease in cattle

  • Received : 2021.06.22
  • Accepted : 2021.12.13
  • Published : 2022.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly contagious and economically important viral infection of cattle, which leads to financial losses in the livestock industry of affected countries. Vaccination is the most effective control measure to prevent the disease. Heterologous sheep pox (SP) vaccine was used against LSD in Turkey. In this research, it was aimed to adapt SP Bakırköy vaccine strain attenuated in lamb kidney cells to Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells to provide better protection than commercial SP vaccine in cattle. Materials and Methods: To evaluate safety and efficacy of vaccines, while animals were immunized with 10 doses (104.75 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]) and 5 doses of SP vaccine (104 TCID50) produced in MDBK cells, others were immunized with commercial Penpox-M vaccine (103.9 TCID50). Two cattle were kept as unvaccinated. At day 31 post-vaccination, all animals were challenged with the virulent LSD virus. Blood and swab samples were taken on certain days post-inoculation. Logarithmic differences challenge virus titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were calculated. Results: The clinical sign was not observed in animals immunized with 10 doses of SP vaccine. The differences between the animals immunized with SP vaccine and control group was less than log 2.5 and the viremia occurred in immunized animals. The difference in titer was higher than log 2.5 in animals immunized with the Penpox-M, and viremia did not occur. Conclusion: SP vaccine strain propagated in MDBK cells and can be used for immunization to prevent LSD infections. However, SP vaccine strain propagated in MDBK showed poor protection as compared to Penpox-M.

Keywords

References

  1. Davies FG. Lumpy skin disease, an African capripox virus disease of cattle. Br Vet J 1991;147:489-503.
  2. Brenner J, Bellaiche M, Gross E, et al. Appearance of skin lesions in cattle populations vaccinated against lumpy skin disease: statutory challenge. Vaccine 2009;27:1500-3.
  3. World Organisation for Animal Health. OIE terrestrial manual: lumpy skin disease [Internet]. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health; 2018 [cited 2020 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.04.12_LSD.pdf.
  4. Tulman ER, Afonso CL, Lu Z, et al. The genomes of sheeppox and goatpox viruses. J Virol 2002;76:6054-61.
  5. Buller RM, Arif BM, Black DN, et al. Family poxviridae. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA, editors. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. San Diego (CA): Elsevier Academic Press; 2005. p. 117-33.
  6. Diallo A, Viljoen GJ. Genus Capripoxvirus. In: Mercer AA, Schmidt A, Weber O, editors. Poxviruses. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag; 2007. p. 167-81.
  7. van Rooyen PJ, Munz EK, Weiss KE. The optimal conditions for the multiplication of Neethling-type lumpy skin disease virus in embryonated eggs. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1969;36:165-74.
  8. Ben-Gera J, Klement E, Khinich E, Stram Y, Shpigel NY. Comparison of the efficacy of Neethling lumpy skin disease virus and x10RM65 sheep-pox live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of lumpy skin disease: the results of a randomized controlled field study. Vaccine 2015;33:4837-42.
  9. Abutarbush SM, Ababneh MM, Al Zoubi IG, et al. Lumpy skin disease in Jordan: disease emergence, clinical signs, complications and preliminary-associated economic losses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015;62:549-54.
  10. Sarac F, Gulyaz V, Satir E, Uzar S, Sayi O. Lumpy skin disease: situation, surveillance and control activities in Turkey. In: FAO, editor. EMPRES-Animal health 360: special edition on lumpy skin disease (47/2017) [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 2017 [cited 2021 Jun 10]. p. 12-5. Available from: https://www.fao.org/3/i7982en/i7982en.pdf.
  11. Promed-Mail. Lumpy skin disease, bovine-Turkey: suspected, request for information [Internet]. Brookline (MA): International Society for Infectious Diseases; 2013 [cited 2021 Jun 10]. Available from: https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=1915595.
  12. Turan N, Yilmaz A, Tekelioglu BK, Yilmaz H. Lumpy skin disease: global and Turkish perspectives. Appro Poult Dairy Vet Sci 2017;1:APDV.000504. https://doi.org/10.31031/APDV.2017.01.000504.
  13. Kitching P. Progress towards sheep and goat pox vaccines. Vaccine 1983;1:4-9.
  14. Tuppurainen ES, Oura CA. Review: lumpy skin disease: an emerging threat to Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012;59:40-8.
  15. Tuppurainen E, Galon N. Lumpy skin disease: current situation in Europe and neighbouring regions and necessary control measures to halt the spread in South-East Europe [Internet]. OIE Regional Commission for Europe; 2016 [cited 2021 Jun 10]. Available from: http://doc.oie.int:8080/dyn/portal/index.seam?page=alo&aloId=34265.
  16. Bowden TR, Babiuk SL, Parkyn GR, Copps JS, Boyle DB. Capripoxvirus tissue tropism and shedding: a quantitative study in experimentally infected sheep and goats. Virology 2008;371:380-93.
  17. Babiuk S, Parkyn G, Copps J, et al. Evaluation of an ovine testis cell line (OA3.Ts) for propagation of capripoxvirus isolates and development of an immunostaining technique for viral plaque visualization. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007;19:486-91.
  18. Stram Y, Kuznetzova L, Friedgut O, Gelman B, Yadin H, Rubinstein-Guini M. The use of lumpy skin disease virus genome termini for detection and phylogenetic analysis. J Virol Methods 2008;151:225-9.
  19. Chaudhary SS, Pandey KD, Singh RP, Verma PC, Gupta PK. A vero cell derived combined vaccine against sheep pox and Peste des Petits ruminants for sheep. Vaccine 2009;27:2548-53.
  20. Tuppurainen ES, Pearson CR, Bachanek-Bankowska K, et al. Characterization of sheep pox virus vaccine for cattle against lumpy skin disease virus. Antiviral Res 2014 Sep;109:1-6.
  21. Kitching RP. Vaccines for lumpy skin disease, sheep pox and goat pox. Dev Biol (Basel) 2003;114:161-7.
  22. Joshi RK, Garg SK, Chandra R, Sharma VD. Growth and cytopathogenicity of goat pox virus in MDBK cell line. Indian J Virol 1995;11:31-3.
  23. Pandey KD, Rai A, Goel AC, Mishra SC, Gupta BK. Adaptation and growth cycle of sheep pox virus in MDBK cell line. Indian J Virol 1985;1:133-8.
  24. Kitching RP, Hammond JM, Black DN. Studies on the major common precipitating antigen of capripoxvirus. J Gen Virol 1986;67(Pt 1):139-48.
  25. Babiuk S, Bowden TR, Boyle DB, Wallace DB, Kitching RP. Capripoxviruses: an emerging worldwide threat to sheep, goats and cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2008;55:263-72.
  26. Tuppurainen ES, Venter EH, Coetzer JA. The detection of lumpy skin disease virus in samples of experimentally infected cattle using different diagnostic techniques. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2005;72:153-64.
  27. Tasioudi KE, Antoniou SE, Iliadou P, et al. Emergence of lumpy skin disease in Greece, 2015. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016;63:260-5.
  28. Katsoulos PD, Chaintoutis SC, Dovas CI, et al. Investigation on the incidence of adverse reactions, viraemia and haematological changes following field immunization of cattle using a live attenuated vaccine against lumpy skin disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018;65:174-85.
  29. Carn VM. Control of capripoxvirus infections. Vaccine 1993;11:1275-9.
  30. Hunter P, Wallace D. Lumpy skin disease in southern Africa: a review of the disease and aspects of control. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2001;72:68-71.
  31. Weiss KE. Lumpy skin disease virus. In: Hanshaw JB, Plowright W, Weiss KE, editors. Cytomegaloviruses, rinderpest virus, lumpy skin disease virus [Internet]. Berlin: Springer; 1968 [cited 2020 Oct 8]. p. 111-31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39771-8_3.
  32. Kara PD, Mather AS, Pretorius A, Chetty T, Babiuk S, Wallace DB. Characterisation of putative immunomodulatory gene knockouts of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle towards an improved vaccine. Vaccine 2018;36:4708-15.
  33. Babiuk S, Wallace DB, Smith SJ, et al. Detection of antibodies against capripoxviruses using an inactivated sheeppox virus ELISA. Transbound Emerg Dis 2009;56:132-41.
  34. Awadin W, Hussein H, Elseady Y, Babiuk S, Furuoka H. Detection of lumpy skin disease virus antigen and genomic DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from an Egyptian outbreak in 2006. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011;58:451-7.
  35. Babiuk S, Bowden TR, Parkyn G, et al. Quantification of lumpy skin disease virus following experimental infection in cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2008;55:299-307.
  36. Davies FG, Mbugwa G. The alterations in pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a Kenya sheep and goat pox virus on serial passage in bovine foetal muscle cell cultures. J Comp Pathol 1985;95:565-72.