Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea

National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원)
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Microsatellite Markers for Non-Invasive Examination of Individual Identity, Genetic Variation, and Population Differentiation in Two Populations of Korean Long-Tailed Goral (Naemorhedus caudatus)

  • Received : 2022.07.01
  • Accepted : 2022.08.26
  • Published : 2022.11.01
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Abstract

Natural habitats of the Korean long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) have been fragmented by anthropogenic activities in South Korea in the last decades. Here, the individual identity, genetic variation, and population differentiation of the endangered species were examined via the multiple-tube approach using a non-invasive genotyping method. The average number of alleles was 3.16 alleles/locus for the total population. The Yanggu population (1.66) showed relatively lower average number of alleles than the Inje population (3.67). Of the total 19 alleles, only seven (36.8%) alleles were shared by the two populations. Using five polymorphic out of six loci, four and six different goral individuals from the captive Yanggu (n=24) and the wild Inje (n=28) population were identified, respectively. The allele distribution was not identical between the two populations (Fisher's exact test: P<0.01). A considerably low migration rate was detected between the two populations (no. of migrants after correction for size=0.294). Additionally, the F statistics results indicated significant population differentiation between them, however, quite low (FST=0.327, P<0.01). The posterior probabilities indicated that the two populations originated from a single panmictic population (P=0.959) and the assignment test results designated all individuals to both populations with nearly equal likelihood. These could be resulted from moderate population differentiation between the populations. No significant evidence supported recent population bottleneck in the total Korean goral population. This study could provide us with useful population genetic information for conservation and management of the endangered species.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute through Development of modeling for forecasting expansion and risk assessment of alien species, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (No. 20180022700013), and by the National Institute of Ecology, funded by Korea MOE (No. NIE-B-2022-12). This work was also partially supported by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science and the Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University. We thank professor H. Lee and professor Y. J. Won for helping in conducting this experiment. We also thank many field surveyors in collecting fecal samples of Korean gorals.

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