Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution and Behavioral Characteristics of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Namdae Stream, Korea

강릉 남대천에서 소상하는 연어(Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) 분포와 행동 특성

  • Kim, Beom-Sik (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Jung, Yong-Woo (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Kim, Woobo (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Eic (Bada Ecology Research) ;
  • Lee, Chung Il (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 김범식 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과) ;
  • 정용우 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과) ;
  • 김우보 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과) ;
  • 홍성익 (바다생태리서치) ;
  • 이충일 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과)
  • Received : 2022.09.07
  • Accepted : 2022.10.04
  • Published : 2022.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Namdae stream in Gangneung-si is one of the rivers where salmon stock is mainly maintained by natural spawning rather than artificial seedlings. There are structures including weir, and fish distribution and movement characteristics can be different by these structures. In this study, we investigated the distribution and behavioral characteristics of salmon by sighting survey within 12 km immediately upstream of the river mouth between October 2021 and February 2022. As a result, salmon distributed within 9 km from rivermouth. There were more salmon in the lower reaches of Doosan weir than in the upper reaches of that. The main spawning ground for salmon was between 7-9 km from rivermouth and around the lower part of Doosan weir. Salmon behaved for spawning in the gravel-bed area and undercut slope of the mainstream, such as mating, digging the riverbed, and competition among males. Salmon moved more slowly in the gravel-bed area than sand-bed area. Doosan weir hinders the spawning migration of salmon by frequent flow changes and terraced fishway. This study provides primary information to understand the ecological changes of salmon by environmental changes in the Namdae stream.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구(강원씨그랜트, 기후변화에 따른 해양생태계 반응·변화 연구(20220558), 기후변화에 따른 수산자원생물의 종 다양성 변화 진단과 미래 전망(20220214))에 의해 연구되었습니다.

References

  1. Bae, S. H., 2011, Analysis of peak flow changes using the measured data, J. Korean Assoc. Geogr. Inf. Stud., 14, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2011.14.2.001
  2. Choi, H. K., Choi, Y. S., Jeon, Y. S., 2006, Establishment present of fish-road in Kangwondo and Study to apply fish-road is ice harbor 1-type, J. Ind. Technol., 26, 63-71.
  3. Choi, J. H., Jun, K. W., Yoon, Y. H., 2018, Hydraulic characteristic analysis for prevention of river disaster at estuary in the eastern coast of Korea, J. Korean Soc. Disaster Secur., 11, 83-89.
  4. Esteve, M., 2005, Observations of spawning behavior in Salmoninae: Salmo, Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus, Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish., 15, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-005-7434-7
  5. FAO, 2020, FishStat J. Retrieved March 7, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en.
  6. Gangwon-do, 2018, Fishway Management Plan for 2018, Gangwondo Inland Resource Center, Chuncheon, Korea.
  7. Gende, S. M., Edwards, R. T., Willson, M. F., Wipfli, M. S., 2002, Pacific salmon in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: Pacific salmon subsidize freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems through several pathways, which generates unique management and conservation issues but also provides valuable research opportunities. Biosci., 52, 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0917:PSIAAT]2.0.CO;2
  8. Hinch, S. G., Rand, P. S., 1998, Swim speeds and energy use of upriver-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): role of local environment and fish characteristics, Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci., 55, 1821-1831. https://doi.org/10.1139/f98-067
  9. Hong, J. S., Seo, I. S., Yoon, K. T., Hwang, I. S., Kim, C. S., 2004, Notes on the benthic macrofauna during september 1997 Namdaecheon estuary, Gangneung, Korea, Korean J. Environ. Biol., 22, 341-350.
  10. Keefer, M. L., Peery, C. A., Bjornn, T. C., Jepson, M. A., Stuehrenberg, L. C., 2004, Hydrosystem, dam, and reservoir passage rates of adult Chinook salmon and steelhead in the Columbia and Snake rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 133, 1413-1439. https://doi.org/10.1577/T03-223.1
  11. Kerns Jr, O. E., Donaldson, J. R., 1968, Behavior and distribution of spawning sockeye salmon on island beaches in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, 1965, J. Fish. Board Can., 25, 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-042
  12. Kim, B. S., 2021, Behavior patterns during spawning migration of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) along the coast and river in Gangwon, Korea, Master's thesis, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon, Korea.
  13. Kim, S. A., Lee, C. S., Kang, S. K., 2007, Present status and future prospect in salmon research in Korea, Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 12, 57-60.
  14. Lee, C. I., Cho, K. D., Yun, J. H., 2004, Relationship between the variation of the Tsushima Warm Current and current circulation in the East Sea, In Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting, Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Saf., 89-92.
  15. Lee, H. R., Kim, K. H., & Park, H. C., 2014, A Study on the Efficiency Improvement of Existing Pool-and-Weir Type Fishway in Namgang Weir. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Restor. Technol., 17, 61-71.
  16. Lee, H. S., Seong, K. B., Lee, C. H., 2007, History and status of the chum salmon enhancement program in Korea, Sea J. Korean Soc. Oceanogr., 12, 73-80.
  17. Lisi, P. J., Schindler, D. E., Bentley, K. T., Pess, G. R., 2013, Association between geomorphic attributes of watersheds, water temperature, and salmon spawn timing in Alaskan streams, Geomorphol., 185, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.013
  18. Makiguchi, Y., Konno, Y., Konishi, K., Miyoshi, K., Sakashita, T., Nii, H., Ueda, H., 2011, EMG telemetry studies on upriver migration of chum salmon in the Toyohira River, Hokkaido, Japan, Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 37, 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9495-y
  19. Makiguchi, Y., Nii, H., Nakao, K., Ueda, H., 2008, Migratory behavior of adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, in a reconstructed reach of the Shibetsu River, Japan, Fish. Manag. Ecol., 15, 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00632.x
  20. Malcolm, I. A., Soulsby, C., Youngson, A. F., Hannah, D. M., 2005, Catchment-scale controls on groundwater-surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone: implications for salmon embryo survival, River Res. Appl., 21, 977-989. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.861
  21. Miyoshi, K., Hayashida, K., Sakashita, T., Fujii, M., Nii, H., Nakao, K., Ueda, H., 2014, Comparison of the swimming ability and upriver-migration behavior between chum salmon and masu salmon, Can. J. Fish. Aquat., Sci., 71, 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0480
  22. Morimoto, A., Yanagi, T., 2001, Variability of sea surface circulation in the Japan Sea, J. Oceanogr., 57, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011149401735
  23. NIFS, 2022, https://www.fishway.go.kr/fishWayStat/wayInfoSearchDetail.do?wayCode=1975000215-1.
  24. Park, S. D., 2001, Assessment of Ascending Capacity of Migratory Fish in Fishways by Eco-hydraulic Experiments (II), J. Korea Water Resour. Assoc., 34, 381-390.
  25. Peterson, N. P., Quinn, T. P., 1996, Spatial and temporal variation in dissolved oxygen in natural egg pockets of chum salmon, in Kennedy Creek, Washington, J. Fish. Biol., 48, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01424.x
  26. Pitman, K. J., Moore, J. W., Sloat, M. R., Beaudreau, A. H., Bidlack, A. L., Brenner, R. E., Hood, E. W., Press, G. R., Mantua, N. J., Milner, A. M., Radic, V., 2020, Glacier retreat and Pacific salmon. BioSci., 70, 220-236. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa015
  27. Ponomarev, V., Rudykh, N., Dmitrieva, E., Ishida, H., 2009, Variability of surface water properties in the Japan/East Sea on different time scales, Ocean Polar Res., 31, 177-187. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2009.31.2.177
  28. RIMGIS, 2022, http://www.river.go.kr/WebForm/sub_04/sub_04_01_01.aspx?wNM=01&subTree=00&subPeriod=999&subGrade=9&searRNM=%eb%82%a8%eb%8c%80%ec%b2%9c&selSort=99.
  29. Tsuda, Y., Kawabe, R., Tanaka, H., Mitsunaga, Y., Hiraishi, T., Yamamoto, K., Nashimoto, K., 2006, Monitoring the spawning behaviour of chum salmon with an acceleration data logger, Ecol. Freshw. Fish., 15, 264-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00147.x
  30. Urawa, S., Beacham, T. D., Fukuwaka, M., Kaeriyama, M, 2018, Ocean ecology of chum salmon, In The ocean ecology of Pacific salmon and trout, Am. Fish. Soc., 161-317.