DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Non-contact Screening Center of Infectious Diseases for Cross Infection Prevention - Focusing on the Viral Aerosol Removal Efficiency by a Ventilation System -

교차감염 방지를 위한 비접촉 감염병 선별진료소 평가에 관한 연구 - 환기시스템에 의한 바이러스성 에어로졸 제거효과를 중심으로 -

  • Cho, Jinkyun (Dept. of Building and Plant Engineering, National Hanbat University) ;
  • Kim, Jinho (Dept. of Fire Protection, Safety and Facilities, Suwon Science College)
  • 조진균 (국립한밭대학교 설비공학과) ;
  • 김진호 (수원과학대학교 소방안전설비공학과)
  • Received : 2022.06.21
  • Accepted : 2022.10.02
  • Published : 2022.10.30

Abstract

In this study, to fundamentally solve the risk of cross-infection in screening centers responding to infectious diseases, a new non-contact screening center was developed that supplemented the problems of existing screening centers. Numerical analysis was performed on the effectiveness of a ventilation system to remove viral aerosols and prevent cross-infection. Moreover, full-scale field measurements and SF6 tracer gas simulating viral aerosol was used under the same conditions as it was for the numerical analysis, comparison, and verification when CFD simulations were performed. Currently, COVID-19 screening centers operating in Korea can be divided into five types; the risk of cross-infection is very high due to its structure where the movement of medical staff and suspected patients cannot be separated. As a result of the CFD simulation on the ventilation system of a non-contact screening center, among the 3,000 particles generated from a patient, not a single particle was transmitted from the specimen collection booth to the adjacent examination room. More than 99% of the particles were removed by the ventilation system after 559 seconds. As a result of the in-situ measurement, the concentration of SF6 gas generated in the specimen collection booth was effectively reduced by the ventilation system. Additionally, the SF6 gas was not detected in the examination room due to the maintenance of an appropriate differential pressure.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2022년도 국토교통과학기술진흥원 연구비 지원에 의한 결과의 일부임 (과제번호: 22TBIP-C161839-02).

References

  1. Asad, H., Johnston, C., Blyth, I., Holborow, A., Bone, A., Porter, L., Tidswell, P., & Healy, B. (2020). Health care workers and patients as Trojan horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak, Infection Prevention in Practice, 2(3), 100073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100073
  2. CDC (1994). Guidelines for preventing the transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities 59(208), US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Federal Register.
  3. Cho, J. (2019). Investigation on the contaminant distribution with improved ventilation system in hospital isolation rooms: Effect of supply and exhaust air diffuser configurations, Applied Thermal Engineering, 148, 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.023
  4. Cho, J., Kim, J., & Kim, Y. (2022). Development of a non-contact mobile screening center for infectious diseases: effects of ventilation improvement on aerosol transmission prevention, Sustainable Cities and Society, 87, 104232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104232
  5. Cho, J., Woo, K., & Kang, H. (2019). Experimental study of an AIIR ventilation system for effective removal of airborne contamination in hospitals, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 33(03), 85-90.
  6. Cole, E.C., & Cook, C.E. (1998). Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: an aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies, American Journal of Infection Control, 26(4), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70046-X
  7. El Hassan, M., Assoum, H., Bukharin, N., Al Otaibi, H., Mofijur, M., & Sakout, A. (2022). A review on the transmission of COVID-19 based on cough/sneeze/breath flows, European physical journal plus, 137(1), 1.
  8. Fennelly, K.P. (2020). Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: Implications for infection control, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(9), 914-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30323-4
  9. Grifn, K.M., Karas, M.G., Ivascu, N.S., & Lief, L. (2020). Hospital preparedness for COVID-19: a practical guide from a critical care perspective, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 201, 1337-1344. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1037CP
  10. Gupta, J.K., Lin, C.H., & Chen, Q. (2009). Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough, Indoor Air, 19, 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00619.x
  11. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y. et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, 395, 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  12. Jung, M., Han, S.H., Yoo, S.H., Lee, J., & Hong, J.K. (2021). A CFD simulation of a negative pressurized medical container for COVID-19 testing, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, 33(2), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.6110/KJACR.2021.33.2.072
  13. KDCA (2020). Guidelines for the operation of COVID-19 Screening Clinics, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
  14. Kim, J.E., Lee, J.H., Lee, H., Moon, S.J., & Nam, E.W. (2021). COVID-19 screening center models in South Korea, Journal of Public Health Policy, 42, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00258-7
  15. Kwon, S.B., Park, J.H., Jang, J.Y., Cho, Y.M., Park, D.S., Kim, C.S., Bae, G.N., & Jang, A. (2012). Study on the initial velocity distribution of exhaled air from coughing and speaking, Chemosphere, 87(11), 1260-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.032
  16. Mirzaie, M., Lakzian, E., Khan, A., Warkiani, M.E., Mahian, O., & Ahmadi, G. (2021). COVID-19 spread in a classroom equipped with partition: A CFD approach, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 420, 126587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126587
  17. Noor, R., & Maniha, S.M. (2020). A brief outline of respiratory viral disease outbreaks: 1889-till date on the public health perspectives, Virusdisease, 31(4), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-020-00628-5
  18. Prather, K.A., Marr, L.C., Schooley, R.T., McDiarmid, M.A., Wilson, M.E., & Milton, D.K., (2020). Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Science, 370, 303-304.
  19. Redrow, J., Mao, S.L., Celik, I., Posada, J.A., & Feng, Z.G. (2011). Modeling the evaporation and dispersion of airborne sputum droplets expelled from a human cough, Building and Environment, 46(10), 2042-2051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.011
  20. Shi, P., Dong, Y., Yanc, H., Zhao, C., Li, X., Liu, W., Hea, M., Tang, S., & Xi, S. (2020). Impact of temperature on the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138890
  21. Siegel, J.D., Rhinehart, E., Jackson, M., & Chiarello, L. (2007). Guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).
  22. Stokes, J.R., & Davies, G.A. (2007). Viscoelasticity of human whole saliva collected after acid and mechanical stimulation, Biorheology 44(3), 141-160.
  23. Suvanjan, B., Kunal, D., Akshoy, R.P., & Ranjib, B. (2020). A novel CFD analysis to minimize the spread of COVID-19 virus in hospital isolation room, Chaos Solitons & Fractals, 139, 110294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110294
  24. Tang, J.W., Eames, I., Li, Y., Taha, Y.A. Wilson, P., Bellingan, G., Ward, K.N., & Breuer, J. (2005). Door-opening motion can potentially lead to a transient breakdown in negative-pressure isolation conditions: the importance of vorticity and buoyancy airflows, Journal of Hospital Infection, 61(4), 283-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2005.05.017
  25. Xie, J., & Zhu, Y. (2020). Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China, Science of The Total Environment, 724, 138201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201