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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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The effects of early exercise in traumatic brain-injured rats with changes in motor ability, brain tissue, and biomarkers

  • Kim, Chung Kwon (Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Park, Jee Soo (Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Eunji (Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.)) ;
  • Oh, Min-Kyun (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Taek (Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Kyung Jae (Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Joo, Kyeung Min (Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Kyunghoon (Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Park, Young Sook (Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2022.06.13
  • Accepted : 2022.08.17
  • Published : 2022.10.31
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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is caused by the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to the temporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observed that a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improved their behavioral performance in the absence of other cognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the early stages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensity exercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in the TBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhance short-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuous early exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebral damage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein Gene Products 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), but it also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animals with TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that early exercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improving physiological function, and that serum protein levels are useful biomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercise therapy.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (NRF-2016R1A5A2945889, 2017R1A2B4010100, 2018 R1D1 A1B07050274, and NRF-2020R1F1A1073261).

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