Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical investigation on the flexural links of eccentrically braced frames with web openings

  • Erfani, S. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology) ;
  • Vakili, A. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology) ;
  • Akrami, V. (Faculty of Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili)
  • Received : 2020.10.09
  • Accepted : 2022.04.04
  • Published : 2022.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Plastic deformation of link beams in eccentrically braced frames is the primary dissipating source of seismic energy. Despite the excellent compatibility with the architectural designs, previous researches indicate the deficiency of flexural yielding links compared to the shear yielding ones because of their localized plastic deformation. Previous investigations have shown that implementing web openings in beams could be an efficient method to improve the seismic performance of moment-resisting connections. Accordingly, this research investigates the use of flexural links with stiffened and un-stiffened web openings to eliminate localized plasticity at the ends of the link. For this purpose, the numerical models are generated in finite element software "Abaqus" and verified against experimental data gathered from other studies. Models are subjected to cyclic displacement history to evaluate their behavior. Failure of the numerical models under cyclic loading is simulated using a micromechanical based damage model known as Cyclic Void Growth Model (CVGM). The elastic stiffness and the strength-based and CVGM-based inelastic rotation capacity of the links are compared to evaluate the studied models' seismic response. The results of this investigation indicate that some of the flexural links with edge stiffened web openings show increased inelastic rotation capacity compared to an un-perforated link.

Keywords

References

  1. AISC (2016), Seismic provision for structural steel buildings, ANSI/AISC 341-16, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA.
  2. AISC (2002), Seismic provision for structural steel buildings, ANSI/AISC 341-02, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA.
  3. Akrami, V. and Erfani, S. (2015), "Effect of local web buckling on the cyclic behavior of reduced web beam sections (RWBS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 18(3), 641-657. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.3.641.
  4. Al-Dafafea, T., Durif, S., Bouchair, A. and Fournely, E. (2019), "Experimental study of beams with stiffened large web openings", J. Construct. Steel Res., 154, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.11.026.
  5. Altaee, M., Cunningham, L.S. and Gillie, M. (2019), "Practical application of CFRP strengthening to steel floor beams with web openings: a numerical investigation", J. Construct. Steel Res., 155, 395-408. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.01.006.
  6. Altaee, M.J., Cunningham, L.S. and Gillie, M. (2017), "Experimental investigation of CFRP-strengthened steel beams with web openings", J. Construct. Steel Res., 138, 750-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr. 2017.08.023.
  7. Arce, G. (2002), "Impact of higher strength steels on local buckling and overstrength of links in eccentrically braced frames", M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA.
  8. Azad, S.K. and Topkaya, C. (2017), "A review of research on steel eccentrically braced frames", J. Construct. Steel Res., 128, 53-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr. 2016 .07.032.
  9. Berman, J.W. and Bruneau, M. (2008), "Tubular links for eccentrically braced frames. II: Experimental verification", J. Struct. Eng., 134(5), 702-712. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:5(702).
  10. Cheng, Q., Lian, M., Su, M. and Zhang, H. (2021), "Experimental and finite element study of high-strength steel framed-tube structures with replaceable shear links under cyclic loading", Structures 26, 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.006.
  11. Cheng, Q., Su, M., Lian, M., Zhang, H., Guan, B. and Gong, H. (2020), "Cyclic behavior of high-strength steel framed-tube structures with bolted replaceable shear links", Eng. Struct., 210, 110395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.006.
  12. Dolatshahi, K.M., Gharavi, A. and Mirghaderi, S.R. (2018), "Experimental investigation of slitted web steel moment resisting frame", J. Construct. Steel Res., 145, 438-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.03.004.
  13. Engelhardt, M. and Popov, E. (1989), "Behavior of long links in eccentrically braced frames", EERC report, 89-01; University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  14. Engelhardt, M.D. (1990), "Behavior of long links in eccentrically braced frames", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; California, USA.
  15. Erdal, F. (2016), "Effect of stiffeners on failure analyses of optimally designed perforated steel beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 22(1), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.22.1.183
  16. Erfani, S. and Akrami, V. (2016), "Evaluation of cyclic fracture in perforated beams using micromechanical fatigue model", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(4), 913-930. https://doi.org10.12989/scs.2016.20.4.913.
  17. Fang, C., Ping, Y. and Chen, Y. (2019), "Loading protocols for experimental seismic qualification of members in conventional and emerging steel frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam., 49(2), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ eqe.3231.
  18. Guan, B., Su, M. and Lian, M. (2020), "Seismic behavior of combined steel framed-tube substructure with replaceable shear links", J. Construct. Steel Res., 167, 105968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.105968.
  19. Goel, S.C. and Itani, A.M. (1994), "Seismic-resistant special truss-moment frames", J. Struct. Eng., 120(6), 1781-1797. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445 (1994)120:6(1781).
  20. Hedayat, A.A. and Celikag, M. (2009), "Post-Northridge connection with modified beam end configuration to enhance strength and ductility", J. Construct. Steel Res., 65(7), 1413-1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr. 2009.03.007.
  21. Hjelmstad, K.D. and Popov, E.P. (1984), "Characteristics of eccentrically braced frames", J. Struct. Eng., 110(2), 340-353. https://doi.org/10.1061 / (ASCE) 0733-9445(1984)110:2(340). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:2(340)
  22. Kalehbasti, P.R. and Dolatshahi, K.M. (2018), "Two novel shear fuses in moment resisting frames", J. Construct. Steel Res., 144, 198-210. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jcsr.2018.01.026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.01.026
  23. Kanvinde, A. and Deierlein, G. (2007), "Cyclic void growth model to assess ductile fracture initiation in structural steels due to ultra low cycle fatigue", J. Eng. Mech., 133(6), 701-712. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:6(701).
  24. Kasai, K. and Popov, E.P. (1986), "Cyclic web buckling control for shear link beams", J. Struct. Eng., 112(3), 505-523. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445 (1986)112:3(505).
  25. Kaufmann, E., Metrovich, B. and Pense, A. (2001), "Characterization of cyclic inelastic strain behavior on properties of A572 Gr. 50 and A913 Gr. 50 rolled sections", ATLSS Rep. No. 01-13; Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, USA.
  26. Lian, M., Cheng, Q., Zhang, H. and Su, M. (2020), "Numerical study of the seismic behavior of steel frame-tube structures with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(3), 305-325. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.3.305.
  27. Lian, M., Su, M. and Guo, Y. (2015), "Seismic performance of eccentrically braced frames with high strength steel combination", Steel Compos. Struct., 18(6), 1517-1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.6.1517.
  28. Lian, M., and Su, M. (2017), "Experimental study and simplified analysis of EBF fabricated with high strength steel", J. Construct. Steel Res., 139, 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.09.013.
  29. Lian, M., Su, M. and Guo, Y. (2017), "Experimental performance of Y-shaped eccentrically braced frames fabricated with high strength steel", Steel Compos. Struct., 24(4), 441-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.4.441.
  30. Lian, M., Zhang, H., Cheng, Q and Su, M. (2019), "Finite element analysis for the seismic performance of steel frame-tube structures with replaceable shear links", Steel Compos. Struct., 30(4), 365-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.4.441.
  31. Lian, M., and Su, M (2017), "Seismic performance of highstrength steel fabricated eccentrically braced frame with vertical shear link", J. Construct. Steel Res., 137, 265282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.06.022.
  32. Lian, M., and Su, M (2018), "Seismic testing and numerical analysis of Y-shaped eccentrically braced frame made of highstrength steel", Struct. Design Tall Special Buildings, 27(6), e1455. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1455.
  33. Lian, M., and Su, M (2017), "Shake table test of Y-shaped eccentrically braced frames fabricated with high-strength steel", Earthq. Struct., 12(5), 501-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.06.022.
  34. Liao, F., Wang, W. and Chen, Y. (2012), "Parameter calibrations and application of micromechanical fracture models of structural steels", Struct. Eng. Mech., 42(2), 153-174. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.42.2.153 .
  35. Richards, P.W. (2004), "Cyclic stability and capacity design of steel eccentrically braced frames", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego .
  36. Richards, P.W. and Uang, C.M. (2005), "Testing protocol for short links in eccentrically braced frames", J. Struct. Eng., 132(8), 1183-1191. https://doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:8(1183).
  37. Roeder, C.W. and Popov, E.P. (1977), "Inelastic behavior of eccentrically braced steel frames under cyclic loadings", EERC report, 89-01; University of California, Berkeley, CA.
  38. Roeder, C.W. and Popov, E.P. (1978), "Cyclic shear yielding of wide-flange beams", J. Eng. Mech. Division, 104(4), 763-780. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0002378.
  39. Simasathien, S., Jiansinlapadamrong, C. and Chao, S.H. (2017), "Seismic behavior of special truss moment frame with double hollow structural sections as chord members", Eng. Struct., 131, 14-27. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.engstruct.2016.10.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.001
  40. SIMULIA (2014), Abaqus Analysis User'S Manual, Version 6.14, SIMULIA, The Dassault Systems, Realistic Simulation, USA.
  41. Okazaki, T. (2004), "Seismic performanc of link-to-column connections in steel eccentrically braced frames", Ph.D. Dissertation; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
  42. Yao, Z., Wang, W., Fang, C. and Zhang, Z. (2020), "An experimental study on eccentrically braced beam-through steel frames with replaceable shear links", Eng. Struct., 206, 110185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110185.
  43. Zhang, H., Lian, M., Su, M and Cheng, Q. (2020), "Lateral force distribution in the inelastic state for seismic design of highstrength steel framed-tube structures with shear links", Struct. Design Tall Special Buildings, 29(17), e1801. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1801.
  44. Zhang, H., Lian, M. and Su, M. (2020), "Study on the seismic performance of high-strength steel framed-tube structures with replaceable shear links", J. Construct. Steel Res., 171, 106-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106131.
  45. Zhang, H., Su, M., Lian, M., Cheng, Q., Guan, B. and Gong, H (2020), "Experimental and numerical study on the seismic behavior of high-strength steel framed-tube structures with endplate-connected replaceable shear links", Eng. Struct., 223, 111172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111172.
  46. Zhou, H., Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Xiong, J. and Yang, L. (2013), "Extremely low cycle fatigue prediction of steel beam-tocolumn connection by using a micro-mechanics based fracture model", J. Fatigue, 48, 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.10.006.